A closer look at interacting dark energy with statefinder hierarchy and growth rate of structure

We investigate the interacting dark energy models by using the diagnostics of statefinder hierarchy and growth rate of structure. We wish to explore the deviations from $\Lambda$CDM and to differentiate possible degeneracies in the interacting dark energy models with the geometrical and structure growth diagnostics. We consider two interacting forms for the models, i.e., $Q_1=\beta H\rho_c$ and $Q_2=\beta H\rho_{de}$, with $\beta$ being the dimensionless coupling parameter. Our focus is the I$\Lambda$CDM model that is a one-parameter extension to $\Lambda$CDM by considering a direct coupling between the vacuum energy ($\Lambda$) and cold dark matter (CDM), with the only additional parameter $\beta$. But we begin with a more general case by considering the I$w$CDM model in which dark energy has a constant $w$ (equation-of-state parameter). For calculating the growth rate of structure, we employ the "parametrized post-Friedmann" theoretical framework for interacting dark energy to numerically obtain the $\epsilon(z)$ values for the models. We show that in both geometrical and structural diagnostics the impact of $w$ is much stronger than that of $\beta$ in the I$w$CDM model. We thus wish to have a closer look at the I$\Lambda$CDM model by combining the geometrical and structural diagnostics. We find that the evolutionary trajectories in the $S^{(1)}_3$--$\epsilon$ plane exhibit distinctive features and the departures from $\Lambda$CDM could be well evaluated, theoretically, indicating that the composite null diagnostic $\{S^{(1)}_3, \epsilon\}$ is a promising tool for investigating the interacting dark energy models.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in JCA

3-[(E)-3,7-Dimethyl­octa-2,6-dien­yl]-5-methyl-N-nitro-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-imine

The title compound, C14H24N4O3, was synthesized by the reaction of geranyl and 3-methyl-4-nitro­imino-1,3,5-oxadiazinane. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are assembled by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The nitryl and the long carbon chain are located on the same side of the C=N bond due to the two weak intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds; the configuration of the oxadiazinane is Z

A supramolecular microporous network of zinc(II) coordination polymer for highly selective fluorescent detection of Pb2+

A hydrogen bonded microporous network with Lewis basic N sites, viz., {[Zn(TZ-HIP)(HPYTZ)(H2O)2]·3H2O}n [TZ-HIP = 5-(tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid, HPYTZ = 3,5-di(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4- triazolate ligand] has been obtained from the dual ligand system of polydentate N-heterocyclic carboxylate and dipyridyl-type ligands. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the adjacent Zn(II) centers are bridged by HTZ-H2IP ligand to form 1D chain with HPYTZ molecules as free lateral arms. The paralleled chains are connected by H-bonding interactions to produce the 3D microporous network with 1D pores. It is interesting that the uncoordinated N atoms (Lewis base sites) pores cause Pb2+ ions to produce a remarkably enhancing effect on the luminescent intensity of the zinc complex with high sensitivity in the detection range of 10-3-10-5mol L-1 concentration limit. This coordination polymer may be used as a sensing material for developing a highly selective and sensitive Pb2+ sensor in the biological and environmental materials.

Combined analysis of endometrial thickness and pattern in predicting outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To evaluate the combined effect of endometrial thickness and pattern on clinical outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cycles of IVF/ICSI-ET conducted between January 2003 and December 2008 at a university-based reproductive center were reviewed retrospectively. Endometrial ultrasonographic characteristics were recorded on the day of hCG administration. In the combined analysis, endometrial thickness groups (group 1: equal or <7 mm; group 2: 7-14 mm; group 3: >14 mm) were subdivided into two endometrial patterns (pattern A: triple-line; pattern B: no-triple line). Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and early miscarriage rate in different groups were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 2896 cycles were reviewed. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was 24.4% in group1-A. There were no second trimester pregnancies in group 1-B. Miscarriage rate in group 2-A was significantly lower compared to group 2-B (P < 0.01), although CPR did not show any significant differences between the groups. A no-triple line endometrial pattern with moderate endometrial thickness (7-14 mm) had a detrimental effect on pregnancy outcome, but not the occurrence of pregnancy. In group 3, there was no difference in CPR and miscarriage rates between the two patterns; adequate endometrial thickness (>14 mm) seemed to mitigate the detrimental impact (high miscarriage rate) of pattern B.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Combined analysis of endometrial thickness and pattern on the day of hCG administration was a better predictor of the outcome of IVF/ICSI-ET and may be more helpful for patient counseling than the separate analyses.</p

5-(4-Fluoro­phen­yl)-2-furylmethyl N-(2,6-difluoro­benzo­yl)carbamate

The title compound, C19H12F3NO4, was synthesized by the reaction of 5-(4-fluoro­phen­yl)-2-furan­methanol and 2,6-difluoro­benzoyl­isocyanate. The seven atoms of the fluorophenyl group are disordered over two positions with site occupancy factors ca 0.6 and 0.4. The dihedral angle between the furan and fluorophenyl rings is 1.58°. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains