37,318 research outputs found
Persistent spin current in spin-orbit coupling systems in the absence of an external magnetic field
The spin-orbit coupling systems with a zero magnetic field is studied under
the equilibrium situation, {\it i.e.}, without a voltage bias. A persistent
spin current is predicted to exist under most circumstances, although the
persistent charge current and the spin accumulation are identically zero. In
particular, a two-dimensional quantum wire is investigated in detail.
Surprisingly, a persistent spin current is found to flow along the confined
direction, due to the spin precession in accompany with the particle motion.
This provides an interesting example of constant spin flowing without inducing
a spin accumulation, contrary to common intuition.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Quasi-energies and Floquet states of two weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates under periodic driving
We investigate the quasi-energies and Floquet states of two weakly coupled
Bose-Einstein condensates driven by a periodic force. The quasi-energies and
Floquet states of this system are computed within two different theoretical
frameworks: the mean-field model and the second-quantized model. The mean-field
approach reveals a triangular structure in the quasi-energy band. Our analysis
of the corresponding Floquet states shows that this triangle signals the onset
of a localization phenomenon, which can be regarded as a generalization of the
well-known phenomenon called coherent destruction of tunneling. With the second
quantized model, we find also a triangular structure in the quantum
quasi-energy band, which is enveloped by the mean-field triangle. The close
relation between these two sets of quasi-energies is further explored by a
semi-classical method. With a Sommerfeld rule generalized to time-dependent
systems, the quantum quasi-energies are computed by quantizing semiclassically
the mean-field model and they are found to agree very well with the results
obtained directly with the second-quantized model.Comment: 8pages,12figure
Bias-controllable intrinsic spin polarization in a quantum dot
We propose a novel scheme to efficiently polarize and manipulate the electron
spin in a quantum dot. This scheme is based on the spin-orbit interaction and
it possesses following advantages: (1) The direction and the strength of the
spin polarization is well controllable and manipulatable by simply varying the
bias or the gate voltage. (2) The spin polarization is quite large even with a
weak spin-orbit interaction. (3) Both electron-electron interaction and
multi-energy levels do not weaken but strengthen the spin polarization. (4) It
has the short spin flip time. (5) The device is free of a magnetic field or a
ferromagnetic material. (6) It can be easily realized with present technology.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Specific Involvement of G Proteins in Regulation of Serum Response Factor-mediated Gene Transcription by Different Receptors
Regulation of serum response factor (SRF)-mediated gene transcription by G protein subunits and G protein-coupled receptors was investigated in transfected NIH3T3 cells and in a cell line that was derived from mice lacking G_(αq) and G_(α11). We found that the constitutively active forms of the α subunits of the G_q and G_(12) class of G proteins, including Gα_q, Gα_(11), Gα_(14), Gα_(16), Gα_(12), and Gα_(13), can activate SRF in NIH3T3 cells. We also found that the type 1 muscarinic receptor (m1R) and α_1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated SRF activation is exclusively dependent on Gα_(q/11), while the receptors for thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), thromboxane A2, and endothelin can activate SRF in the absence of Gα_(q/11). Moreover, RGS12 but not RGS2, RGS4, or Axin was able to inhibit Gα_(12) and Gα_(13)-mediated SRF activation. And RGS12, but not other RGS proteins, blocked thrombin- and LPA-mediated SRF activation in the Gα_(q/11)-deficient cells. Therefore, the thrombin, LPA, thromboxane A2, and endothelin receptors may be able to couple to Gα_(12/13). On the contrary, receptors including β_2- and α_2-ARs, m2R, the dopamine receptors type 1 and 2, angiotensin receptors types 1 and 2, and interleukin-8 receptor could not activate SRF in the presence or absence of Gα_(q/11), suggesting that these receptors cannot couple to endogenous G proteins of the G_(12) or G_q classes
Abelian and non-abelian anyons in integer quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological phase transitions via superconducting proximity effect
We study the quantum anomalous Hall effect described by a class of
two-component Haldane models on square lattices. We show that the latter can be
transformed into a pseudospin triplet p+ip-wave paired superfluid. In the long
wave length limit, the ground state wave function is described by Halperin's
(1,1,-1) state of neutral fermions analogous to the double layer quantum Hall
effect. The vortex excitations are charge e/2 abelian anyons which carry a
neutral Dirac fermion zero mode. The superconducting proximity effect induces
`tunneling' between `layers' which leads to topological phase transitions
whereby the Dirac fermion zero mode fractionalizes and Majorana fermions emerge
in the edge states. The charge e/2 vortex excitation carrying a Majorana zero
mode is a non-abelian anyon. The proximity effect can also drive a conventional
insulator into a quantum anomalous Hall effect state with a Majorana edge mode
and the non-abelian vortex excitations.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.
Resonant Spin Hall Conductance in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Rashba Interaction in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field
We study transport properties of a two-dimensional electron system with
Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a perpendicular magnetic field. The spin orbit
coupling competes with Zeeman splitting to introduce additional degeneracies
between different Landau levels at certain magnetic fields. This degeneracy, if
occuring at the Fermi level, gives rise to a resonant spin Hall conductance,
whose height is divergent as 1/T and whose weight is divergent as at
low temperatures. The Hall conductance is unaffected by the Rashba coupling.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The angular spin current and its physical consequences
We find that in order to completely describe the spin transport, apart from
spin current (or linear spin current), one has to introduce the angular spin
current. The two spin currents respectively describe the translational and
rotational motion of a spin. The definitions of these spin current densities
are given and their physical properties are discussed. Both spin current
densities appear naturally in the spin continuity equation. Moreover we predict
that the angular spin current can also induce an electric field , and
in particular scales as at large distance , whereas the
field generated from the linear spin current goes as .Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
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