Learning the References of Online Model Predictive Control for Urban Self-Driving

In this work, we propose a novel learning-based model predictive control (MPC) framework for motion planning and control of urban self-driving. In this framework, instantaneous references and cost functions of online MPC are learned from raw sensor data without relying on any oracle or predicted states of traffic. Moreover, driving safety conditions are latently encoded via the introduction of a learnable instantaneous reference vector. In particular, we implement a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for policy search, where practical and lightweight raw observations are processed to reason about the traffic and provide the online MPC with instantaneous references. The proposed approach is validated in a high-fidelity simulator, where our development manifests remarkable adaptiveness to complex and dynamic traffic. Furthermore, sim-to-real deployments are also conducted to evaluate the generalizability of the proposed framework in various real-world applications. Also, we provide the open-source code and video demonstrations at the project website: https://latent-mpc.github.io/

Blue and white organic light-emitting devices using 2,5-diphenyl -1, 4-distyrylbenzene with two trans-double bonds as a blue emitting layer

A novel derivative of oligo(phenylenvinylene) (OPV), 2,5-diphenyl -1,4-distyrylbenzene with two trans-double bonds (trans-DPDSB), is used as a blue emitting material in blue and white organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Blue devices with a configuration of indium-tin oxide (ITO)/N,N′ -diphenyl-N,N′ -bis(l-naphthyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′ -diamine (NPB)/ frww-DPDSB / tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)/LiF/Al are constructed, where NPB, Alq3 and frons-DPDSB are used as hole-transporting, electron-transporting and light-emitting layers, respectively. The color of emission is changed from blue-green to pure blue when the frans-DPDSB layer is thicker. By inserting an ultrathin 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) yellow light-emitting layer between the Alq3 and trans-DPDSB layers, white OLEDs are obtained. The maximum efficiency and luminance of the blue and white devices are 1.2,3.0 cd/A, and 1400,7000 cd/m2, respectively. © 2005 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Pure blue organic light-emitting devices based on 2,5-diphenyl-1, 4-distyrylbenzene with two trans-double bonds

We demonstrate a pure blue OLED with CIE coordinates of (0.1638, 0.094) at 16 V using a derivative of oligo(phenylenvinylene), 2,5-diphenyl-1, 4-distyrylbenzene with two trans-double bonds, as a light-emitting layer. The device has a maximum luminance of 1400 cd m-2 and a maximum luminous efficiency of 1.18 cd A-1, which are dramatically enhanced to 5500 cd m-2 and 3.18 cd A-1 by the introduction of perylene as a dopant in the light-emitting layer. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Efficient white organic light-emitting devices using 2,5-diphenyl-1, 4-distyrylbenzene with two trans-double bonds as blue emitter

White organic light-emitting devices based on a novel derivative of oligo(phenylenvinylene), 2,5-diphenyl -1,4-distyrylbenzene with two trans-double bonds (trans-DPDSB), and an ultrathin layer of 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) are reported. N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-(1, 1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine, tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum, trans-DPDSB and rubrene are used as hole-transporting, electron-transporting, blue light-emitting and yellow light-emitting layers, respectively. The maximum luminance, maximum efficiency and Commission Internationale De L'Eclairage coordinates at 1000 cd/m2 of the devices with 5 and 10-nm-thick trans-DPDSB at a fixed rubrene thickness of 0.1 nm are 8700 cd/m2, 4.1 cd/A and (0.38,0.42), and 5200 cd/m, 3.7 cd/A and (0.29, 0.31), respectively. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Preparation, optical property and field-effect mobility investigation of stable white-emissive doped organic crystal

Different from most reported white-light-emission amorphous doped organic films obtained through precisely controlling a very low and specific doping concentration usually smaller than 1%, tetracene (Tc) and pentacene (Pc) doubly doped trans-1,4-distyrylbenzene (DSB) crystals (DSB⊂Tc–Pc), prepared by physical vapor transport (PVT) method presented a white-light emission with approximately 10 mol% dopant concentrations (DSB : Tc: Pc = 20: 1: 0.9). This is attributed to the intermolecular strong arene–arene interactions inducing a cross donor–acceptor transition dipole arrangement, that is efficient in restricting energy transfer. The time-resolved fluorescence properties have been investigated in detail to analyze the energy transfer process between DSB and Tc/Pc molecules in the DSB⊂Tc–Pc crystal. In addition, the maintenance of structural ordering of the white-emissive doped crystal has been verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which benefits the carrier transport; the hole and electron field-effect mobility were measured as 1.62 × 10−2 and 2.15 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s −1 , respectively. Also due to the intermolecular highly ordered arrangement, the DSB⊂Tc–Pc crystal exhibits ideal and stable white-light emission with CIE coordinates approaching to (0.33, 0.33) even under high pumping laser energy excitation. These results indicate the stable white-emissive doped organic crystals can be repared by PVT and has high potential of realizing white electroluminescence based on the device configurations of light-emitting diodes or field-effect transistors

Boron-, carbon-, and silicon-bridged 1,12-dihydroxy-perylene bisimides with tuned structural and optical properties

Establishing suitable design strategies to tailor the functional properties of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes is critical for their successful application in various devices. Herein, we report a new synthetic strategy to tune their structural and fluorescence properties by employing a 1,12-bay-substitution pattern that has been seldomly investigated in the past. Central to the strategy is the use of 1,12-dihydroxy-PBI as a starting compound and the subsequent bridging of these hydroxy bay-functional groups with either a boron, carbon or silicon atom resulting in derivatives with a rigidified perylene core. This is followed by a detailed exploration of synthetic possibilities to functionalize the unsubstituted 6,7-positions at the opposite bay area to achieve novel perylene dyes with excellent structural and optical properties. The fluorescence color could be tuned from green to dark-orange while retaining the almost unity fluorescence quantum yield in solution. Moreover, a strong fluorescence with quantum yields as high as 40% has been observed for powders, which clearly illustrates the potential of the presented structural design to obtain new solid-state emitters

Anomalous deep-red luminescence of perylene black analogues with strong π-π interactions

Perylene bisimide dyes are high-performance pigments that have red, maroon or black colors, but with typically only weak fluorescence in the solid state. Here, the authors report a series of π-stacked PBI derivatives that show highly efficient deep-red fluorescence in the solid state

Supramolecular interactions induced fluorescence in crystal: Anomalous emission of 2,5-diphenyl-1,4-distyrylbenzene with all cis double bonds

(Chemical Equation Presented) 2,5-Diphenyl-1,4-distyrylbenzene with all cis double bonds shows strong fluorescence in crystal, which is due to the chemical processes, c.a. isomerization and photocyclization being limited by the lattice packing. © 2005 American Chemical Society.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex