MODELING AND SIMULATION OF PM MOTOR TESTING ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS EV APPLICATION CONSIDERING ROAD CONDITIONS

The electric vehicle (EV) performance testing is an indispensable aspect of the design study and marketing of electric vehicle. The development of a suitable electric motor testing environment for EVs is very significant. On the one hand, it provides a relatively realistic testing environment for the study of the key technologies of electric vehicles, and it also plays an essential role in finding a reasonable and reliable optimization scheme. On the other hand, it provides a reference to the evaluation criteria for the products on the market. This thesis is based on such requirements to model and simulate the PM motor testing environment towards EV applications considering road conditions. Firstly, the requirements of the electric motor drive as a propulsion system for EV applications are investigated by comparing to that of the traditional engine as a propulsion system. Then, as the studying objective of this work, the mathematical model of PMSM is discussed according to three different coordinate systems, and the control strategy for EV application is developed. In order to test the PM motor in the context of an EV, a specific target vehicle model is needed as the virtual load of the tested motor with the dyno system to emulate the real operating environment of the vehicle. A slippery road is one of the severe driving conditions for EVs and should be considered during the traction motor testing process. Fuzzy logic based wheel slip control is adopted in this thesis to evaluate the PM motor performance under slippery road conditions. Through the proposed testing environment, the PM motor can be tested in virtual vehicle driving conditions, which is significant for improving the PM motor design and control

OPT3 is a component of the iron-signaling network between leaves and roots and misregulation of OPT3 leads to an over-accumulation of cadmium in seeds.

Plants and seeds are the main dietary sources of zinc, iron, manganese, and copper, but are also the main entry point for toxic elements such as cadmium into the food chain. We report here that an Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter mutant, opt3-2, over-accumulates cadmium (Cd) in seeds and roots but, unexpectedly, under-accumulates Cd in leaves. The cadmium distribution in opt3-2 differs from iron, zinc, and manganese, suggesting a metal-specific mechanism for metal partitioning within the plant. The opt3-2 mutant constitutively up-regulates the Fe/Zn/Cd transporter IRT1 and FRO2 in roots, indicative of an iron-deficiency response. No genetic mutants that impair the shoot-to-root signaling of iron status in leaves have been identified. Interestingly, shoot-specific expression of OPT3 rescues the Cd sensitivity and complements the aberrant expression of IRT1 in opt3-2 roots, suggesting that OPT3 is required to relay the iron status from leaves to roots. OPT3 expression was found in the vasculature with preferential expression in the phloem at the plasma membrane. Using radioisotope experiments, we found that mobilization of Fe from leaves is severely affected in opt3-2, suggesting that Fe mobilization out of leaves is required for proper trace-metal homeostasis. When expressed in yeast, OPT3 does not localize to the plasma membrane, precluding the identification of the OPT3 substrate. Our in planta results show that OPT3 is important for leaf phloem-loading of iron and plays a key role regulating Fe, Zn, and Cd distribution within the plant. Furthermore, ferric chelate reductase activity analyses provide evidence that iron is not the sole signal transferred from leaves to roots in leaf iron status signaling

Nonparaxiality-triggered Landau-Zener transition in topological photonic waveguides

Photonic lattices have been widely used for simulating quantum physics, owing to the similar evolutions of paraxial waves and quantum particles. However, nonparaxial wave propagations in photonic lattices break the paradigm of the quantum-optical analogy. Here, we reveal that nonparaxiality exerts stretched and compressed forces on the energy spectrum in the celebrated Aubry-Andre-Harper model. By exploring the mini-gaps induced by the finite size of the different effects of nonparaxiality, we experimentally present that the expansion of one band gap supports the adiabatic transfer of boundary states while Landau-Zener transition occurs at the narrowing of the other gap, whereas identical transport behaviors are expected for the two gaps under paraxial approximation. Our results not only serve as a foundation of future studies of dynamic state transfer but also inspire applications leveraging nonparaxial transitions as a new degree of freedom.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction Aqueous Extract on Axonal Regeneration in Organotypic Cortical Slice Culture after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation

Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) is effective for the clinical treatment of limb spasms caused by ischemic stroke, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. Propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time qPCR were used to observe the axonal regeneration and neuroprotective effects of GLGZD aqueous extract on organotypic cortical slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and further elucidate the potential mechanisms. Compared with the OGD group, the GLGZD aqueous extract decreased the red PI fluorescence intensity; inhibited neuronal apoptosis; improved the growth of slice axons; upregulated the protein expression of tau and growth-associated protein-43; and decreased protein and mRNA expression of neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein-A (Nogo-A), Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1), ras homolog gene family A (RhoA), rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), and phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Our study found that GLGZD had a strong neuroprotective effect on brain slices after OGD injury. GLGZD plays a vital role in promoting axonal remodeling and functional remodeling, which may be related to regulation of the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor NgR1, near the injured axons, inhibition of the Rho-ROCK pathway, and reduction of CRMP2 phosphorylation