A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY ON THE SCALE OF THE TIBIA

The purpose of this paper was to provide current biomechanical data on the tibia. X-ray pictures of the tibia were taken of 45 young boys, performing weight lifting and jumping. Some inactive subjects were also included. Measurements were taken to establish length, and thickness indexes Sporting background had no effect on the length or thickness index of the tibia as measured by the Ohla formula

The roles of inter-fuel substitution and inter-market contagion in driving energy prices: evidences from China’s coal market

Coal has been dominating energy supply and consumption in China, with the country becoming the largest energy supplier and consumer worldwide. Due to inter-fuel substitution of crude oil and inter-market contagion of international coal market, China's coal price might be interrelated with crude oil price and international coal price. However, the precise roles of these two effects in determining China's coal price are unknown. This paper contributes to previous literature by investigating this issue. We find that co-movements between China's coal price and crude oil price largely hinge on the shares of oil and coal in China’s energy mix, while its co-movements with international coal price depend on scales of coal trade. Inter-fuel substitution dominated the interaction of China's coal market with other energy types, but the importance of inter-market contagion has been increasing. We also find that China might have become an originator for driving the returns of crude oil and international coal, in particular after 2008. Furthermore, China's coal market is still a net volatility recipient for shocks from both crude oil market and international coal market. Given the increased integration of global energy markets, we anticipate this paper to provide a better understanding on the dynamic changes in China's coal prices

Strong, sustainable and inclusive growth in a new era for China – Paper 2: valuing and investing in physical, human, natural and social capital in the 14th Plan

China is entering a new phase of growth. This paper examines the role of investment in physical, human, natural and social capital in this new phase. The second in a series, it provides the beginnings of an analytical framework for key elements of this new growth story, examining how a focus on the four types of capital can help deliver prosperity through China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) and Belt and Road Initiative

Comparison of fibre migration in different yarn bodies

The qualities of yarn have been studied by analyzing the fibre migration in the yarn body. The effects of spinning method and raw fibre property on fibre migration have been studied using the tracer fibre technique. Compact-spun (60s Ne), ring-spun (60s and 10s Ne) and rotor-spun (10s Ne) (cotton) yarns have been prepared. However, for the compact-spun yarns, both pure cotton and polyester/cotton blended yarns have been prepared. Two mixing steps have been used, namely (i) the dyed cotton fibre mass is homogeneously mixed with the undyed cotton fibre mass by hand, and (ii) the mixed fibre agglomerates are then subjected to carding to obtain a more uniform mixture. Finally, five sets of yarns are obtained through the consequent spinning process. Fibre measuring system is used to watch the movement of tracer fibres and to get the migration parameters as well as their envelope lines. The results show that the fibre migration of the ring spinning yarn is the most obvious, followed by the compact spinning yarn. The rotor spinning yarn has so many wrapped structures that the fibre migration is not obvious. Polyester/cotton blended yarn, which has better yarn levelness, higher breaking strength and less hairiness, shows higher degree of fibre migration than the yarn made of pure cotton

Strong, sustainable and inclusive growth in a new era for China – Paper 1: challenges and ways forward

This is the first of two ‘policy insight’ papers that offer an outline of strategies and policies for an innovative, sustainable and low-carbon approach to China’s development. They are intended to inform decision-making for China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025)

China's economic development in the new era: challenges and paths

China's economy has seen rapid development ever since its reform and opening-up strategy was launched in 1978. Strong economic expansion over the past four decades has taken China from low-income to upper-middle-income status. Looking back at the transformation that China has made, however, we must recognise that the old growth story is coming to an end. The phase of development driven by investment in physical capital will be increasingly supplanted by investment in assets such as knowledge and social capital as well as investment in preservation of natural capital. Recognising the challenges that China is facing, with this paper we aim to offer an approach to growth and development that could spell out a new development strategy for the country as the 21st century progresses. China will focus on the technologies with high-quality growth prospects: modern service sectors, including health, education, transport, communications and IT, artificial intelligence, finance, logistics, sustainable urban infrastructure and new food and land-use systems. With today's technologies, China can help the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries embark on a much more sustainable, more efficient and greener form of development, avoiding historical problems of pollution and congestion, with China itself moving up the value chain at the same time

Numerical analysis of the slub yarn breaking strength using finite element method

The numerical analysis of the slub yarn breaking strength has been made by using the finite element method (FEM). The slub yarn has been considered as skeletal structures since the yarn longitudinal length is much larger than its horizontal cross-section. Then, the accuracy of the proposed FEM model in calculating the slub yarn breaking strength has been validated by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. This model can be used to calculate the slub yarn breaking strength normally and provides a theoretical support for product design