179 research outputs found
Fractional Chern Insulator in Twisted Bilayer MoTe
A recent experiment has reported the first observation of a zero-field
fractional Chern insulator (FCI) phase in twisted bilayer MoTe moir\'e
superlattices [Nature 622, 63-68 (2023)]. The experimental observation is at an
unexpected large twist angle 3.7 and calls for a better understanding
of the FCI in real materials. In this work, we perform large-scale density
functional theory calculation for the twisted bilayer MoTe, and find that
lattice reconstruction is crucial for the appearance of an isolated flat Chern
band. The existence of the FCI state at are confirmed by exact
diagonalization. We establish phase diagrams with respect to the twist angle
and electron interaction, which reveal an optimal twist angle of
for the observation of FCI. We further demonstrate that an external electric
field can destroy the FCI state by changing band geometry and show evidence of
the FCI state in this system. Our research highlights the importance
of accurate single particle band structure in the quest for strong correlated
electronic states and provides insights into engineering fractional Chern
insulator in moir\'e superlattices
Trypanosoma brucei Lipophosphoglycan Activates Host Immune Responses via the TLR-mediated p38 MAP Kinase and NF-κB Pathways
This study was aimed at investigating the immunoregulatory effects of trypanosomal lipophosphoglycan (LPG) anchored to trypanosome membranes, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and neutrophil cytokine release after parasite infection. The interaction of cell surface TLR receptors with LPG, which signals cellular responses during Trypanosma brucei infection, was systematically investigated. The cytokine expression profile in neutrophils after exposure to T. brucei LPG, and the involvement of TLR2, TLR4, p38 MAP kinase, and NF-κB in NET formation were studied with molecular immunological approaches including quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. T. brucei -derived LPG induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB, thereby stimulating neutrophil secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α. The blockade of Toll-like receptor 2/4 and specific inhibitors of MyD88, p38 MAP kinase, and NF-κB decreased cytokine release and the phosphorylation of both kinases. Furthermore, the exposure of neutrophils containing LPG to IL-1β and LPG-induced cell supernatants promoted the release of NETs. Our findings suggest that T. brucei LPG activates neutrophil IL-1β secretion via the TLR-mediated p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways, thereby promoting the formation of LPG-stimulated NETs
Signatures of Fractional Quantum Anomalous Hall States in Twisted MoTe2 Bilayer
The interplay between spontaneous symmetry breaking and topology can result
in exotic quantum states of matter. A celebrated example is the quantum
anomalous Hall (QAH) state, which exhibits an integer quantum Hall effect at
zero magnetic field thanks to its intrinsic ferromagnetism. In the presence of
strong electron-electron interactions, exotic fractional-QAH (FQAH) states at
zero magnetic field can emerge. These states could host fractional excitations,
including non-Abelian anyons - crucial building blocks for topological quantum
computation. Flat Chern bands are widely considered as a desirable venue to
realize the FQAH state. For this purpose, twisted transition metal
dichalcogenide homobilayers in rhombohedral stacking have recently been
predicted to be a promising material platform. Here, we report experimental
signatures of FQAH states in 3.7-degree twisted MoTe2 bilayer. Magnetic
circular dichroism measurements reveal robust ferromagnetic states at
fractionally hole filled moir\'e minibands. Using trion photoluminescence as a
sensor, we obtain a Landau fan diagram which shows linear shifts in carrier
densities corresponding to the v=-2/3 and -3/5 ferromagnetic states with
applied magnetic field. These shifts match the Streda formula dispersion of
FQAH states with fractionally quantized Hall conductance of -2/3 and
-3/5, respectively. Moreover, the v=-1 state exhibits a dispersion
corresponding to Chern number -1, consistent with the predicted QAH state. In
comparison, several non-ferromagnetic states on the electron doping side do not
disperse, i.e., are trivial correlated insulators. The observed topological
states can be further electrically driven into topologically trivial states.
Our findings provide clear evidence of the long-sought FQAH states, putting
forward MoTe2 moir\'e superlattices as a fascinating platform for exploring
fractional excitations.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, v2: extended data (6 figures) is added. Comments
are welcom
Coronary artery bypass grafting vs. percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary artery disease patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: A Chinese single-center study
ObjectivesAims to compare the contemporary and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods823 CAD patients with advanced CKD (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2) were collected, including 247 patients who underwent CABG and 576 patients received PCI from January 2014 to February 2021. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. The secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and revascularization.ResultsMultivariable Cox regression models were used and propensity score matching (PSM) was also performed. After PSM, the 30-day mortality rate in the CABG group was higher than that in the PCI group but without statistically significant (6.6% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.24). During the first year, patients referred for CABG had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–3.01] for mortality compared with PCI. At the end of the 5-year follow-up, CABG group had a HR of 0.58 (95%CI, 0.38–0.86) for repeat revascularization, a HR of 0.77 (95%CI, 0.52–1.14) for survival rate and a HR of 0.88(95%CI, 0.56–1.18) for MACCEs as compared to PCI.ConclusionsAmong patients with CAD and advanced CKD who underwent CABG or PCI, the all-cause mortality and MACCEs were comparable between the two groups in 30 days, 1-year and 5 years. However, CABG was only associated with a significantly lower risk for repeat revascularization compared with PCI at 5 years follow-up
Graphene quantum dots induce cascadic apoptosis via interaction with proteins associated with anti-oxidation after endocytosis by Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei, the pathogen causing African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) in humans, causes debilitating diseases in many regions of the world, but mainly in African countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Enormous efforts have been devoted to controlling trypanosomiasis, including expanding vector control programs, searching for novel anti-trypanosomial agents, and developing vaccines, but with limited success. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on trypanosomal parasites and their underlying mechanisms. Ultrasmall-sized GQDs can be efficiently endocytosed by T. brucei and with no toxicity to mammalian-derived cells, triggering a cascade of apoptotic reactions, including mitochondrial disorder, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, Ca2+ accumulation, DNA fragmentation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis impairment, and cell cycle arrest. All of these were caused by the direct interaction between GQDs and the proteins associated with cell apoptosis and anti-oxidation responses, such as trypanothione reductase (TryR), a key protein in anti-oxidation. GQDs specifically inhibited the enzymatic activity of TryR, leading to a reduction in the antioxidant capacity and, ultimately, parasite apoptotic death. These data, for the first time, provide a basis for the exploration of GQDs in the development of anti-trypanosomials
Expression and Functional Analysis of the BCL2-Associated Agonist of Cell Death (BAD) Gene in the Sheep Ovary During the Reproductive Cycle
Most ewes in China are seasonally polyestrous with normal ovulatory cycles, which is controlled by photoperiod (length of the daily light phase). These ewes are estrous in the short-day season and anestrus in the long-day season and cannot mate during anestrus. Thus seasonal breeding limits both diversification and intensification of production. If sheep can estrus all round year, it can be mated twice per year, which can greatly improve the economic benefits. To change seasonal estrus at the genetic level and cultivating new sheep breeds, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of seasonal breeding trait in sheep. The BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) gene being a regulator of cellular apoptosis was identified by our previous RNA-Seq, which is associated with follicular development in mammalian ovaries. However, the mechanism how BAD can regulate estrus in sheep was poorly understood. In this study, we characterized ovine BAD, including full-length mRNA cloning and protein sequence prediction, as well as BAD expression profile in Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. The highest expression levels of BAD were observed in sheep hypothalamus, lung, and pituitary, while the lowest expression was in liver. Functional analysis of BAD was performed in primary granulosa cells of sheep. The concentration of P4 was significantly increased after RNAi interference of BAD, while P4 level was shown to be opposite after BAD overexpression in vitro. It has been found that BAD can reduce progesterone levels by promoting ovarian GC apoptosis, which might be involved in regulating the estrus cycle in sheep
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