Sterological analysis of podocyte mitochondria in adriamycin nephropathy rats

Objective: To disclose the relationship between mitochondrial morphology, density and pro-teinuria in adriamycin nephropathy rats. Method: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats of clean grade were divided into adriamycin group and control group. In adriamycin nephropathy group, rats were given adriamycin at dosage of 0.7 mg /100 g body weight by tail vein injection. The control rats received equal volume of sa-line. At 2 weeks (control group = 3, adriamycin group = 3) , 4 weeks (control = 3, adriamycin group =6) and 6 weeks (control = 8, adriamycin group = 7) after adriamycin injection, the rats were sacrificed and kidneys were harvested for preparation of ultra-thin sections. Electron microscopy was performed, and podocyte mitochondrial morphology was observed. Sterological analysis was performed on morphology and density of mitochondria in podocytes. Results: 4 weeks after adriamycin injection, the rats developed proteinuria until 6 weeks. Mitochondria in the podocytes from control rats showed ellipsoid shape. Differ-ent shaped and sized mitochondria were observed in podocytes of the adriamycin nephropathy rats. No sig-nificant statistical difference was revealed in the mitochondrial area, circumference, form factor and aspect ratio between adriamycin and control groups. Before development of proteinuria, the mitochondrial density increased significantly at 2 weeks after adriamycin injection compared with that in control rats (0.17±0.00 vs. 0.14±0.01, t = 6.173, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the surface density of mitochondria showed an increasing trend (0.78±0.03 vs. 0.71±0.04, t =-2.526, P = 0.065). 6 weeks after adriamycin injection, the surface density of mitochondria decreased significantly compared with that in the control rats (0.71±0.11 vs. 0.87±0.12, P = 0.02) , the density of mitochondria did not change significantly. Conclusions Dysmorphic mitochondria are involved in the development of proteinuria in adriamycin ne-phropathy. The increase of mitochondrial density is an early event in the development of proteinuria. De-crease of mitochondria surface density is involved in podocyte injury and development of adriamycin ne-phropathy rats

A nanozyme tag enabled chemiluminescence imaging immunoassay for multiplexed cytokine monitoring

We report a new concept of a chemiluminescence imaging nanozyme immunoassay (CINIA), in which nanozymes are exploited as catalytic tags for simultaneous multiplex detection of cytokines. The CINIA provides a novel and universal nanozyme-labeled multiplex immunoassay strategy for high-throughput detection of relevant biomarkers and further disease diagnosis

Human airway organoids as 3D in vitro models for a toxicity assessment of emerging inhaled pollutants: Tire wear particles

Three-dimensional (3D) structured organoids have become increasingly promising and effective in vitro models, and there is an urgent need for reliable models to assess health effects of inhaled pollutants on the human airway. In our study, we conducted a toxicity assessment of human airway organoids (hAOs) for tire wear particles (TWPs) as an emerging inhaled pollutant. We induced primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to generated human airway organoids, which recapitulated the key features of human airway epithelial cells including basal cells, ciliated cells, goblet cells, and club cells. TWPs generated from the wearing of tire treads were considered a major source of emerging inhaled road traffic-derived non-exhaust particles, but their health effect on the lungs is poorly understood. We used human airway organoids to assess the toxicology of tire wear particles on the human airway. In an exposure study, the inhibitory effect of TWPs on the growth of human airway organoids was observed. TWPs induced significant cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. From the qPCR analysis, TWPs significantly up-regulated the expression pf genes involved in the inflammation response. Additionally, the exposure of TWPs reduced SCGB1A1 gene expression associated with the function of the club cell and KRT5 gene expression related to the function of basal cells. In conclusion, this was first study using human airway organoids for a toxicological assessment of TWPs, and our findings revealed that human airway organoids provide an evaluation model of inhaled pollutants potentially affecting the lungs

A nanozyme tag enabled chemiluminescence imaging immunoassay for multiplexed cytokine monitoring

We report a new concept of a chemiluminescence imaging nanozyme immunoassay (CINIA), in which nanozymes are exploited as catalytic tags for simultaneous multiplex detection of cytokines. The CINIA provides a novel and universal nanozyme-labeled multiplex immunoassay strategy for high-throughput detection of relevant biomarkers and further disease diagnosis

Research on the OA Papers in High-quality Academic Journals: A Case Study of Web of Science Core Collection

[Purpose/significance] This paper aims at getting a comprehensive understanding for the quantity and OA ratio of OA papers, and making a preliminary evaluation of these papers. [Method/process] In this paper, we utilized Web of Science Core Collection as the data source and took the four dimensions: publication years, research areas, countries/territories and organizations. We investigated papers published in high-quality academic journals that recorded in WoS from 2002 to 2016. Then, we analyzed and interpreted the changes and trends of OA papers. Finally, we took Nature as an example and analyzed the quality of OA papers from the perspective of citation per paper and highly-cited papers proportion. [Result/conclusion] The number of OA papers in the world have been increasing year by year, especially in China. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the institution which has the largest number of papers recorded in WoS, the number of OA papers took the first place in 2016, but the OA ratio still lagged behind major European and American institutions. The OA practice in the field of biological and medical sciences is superior to other research fields

The Potential Genes Mediate the Pathogenicity of Allogeneic CD4+T Cell in aGVHD Mouse Model

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a significant and severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Due to the occurrence of aGVHD, allo-HSCT significantly increases the mortality rate compared with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). In this study, auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT aGVHD mouse models were built to detect the difference in CD4+ lymphocyte in different tissues based on ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Clustering analysis, functional annotation, and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to find hub genes. CD4+T cells were activated by MLR and cytokine stimulation. Cells were sorted out by a flow cell sorter. The selected genes were verified by qRT-PCR, histology, and immunofluorescence staining. The GSE126518 GEO dataset was used to verify the hub genes. Enrichment analysis revealed four immune-related pathways that play an important role in aGVHD, including immunoregulatory interactions between a lymphoid and a nonlymphoid cell, chemokine receptors binding chemokines, cytokine and cytokine receptor interaction, and the chemokine signaling pathway. At the same time, with the PPI network, 11 novel hub genes that were most likely to participate in immunoregulation in aGVHD were identified, which were further validated by qRT-PCR and the GSE126518 dataset. Besides, the protein expression level of Cxcl7 was consistent with the sequencing results. In summary, this study revealed that immunoregulation-related DEGs and pathways played a vital role in the onset of aGVHD. These findings may provide some new clues for probing the pathogenesis and treatment of aGVHD