Áttekintés a műfajkutatás tendenciáiról és lehetőségeiről. Útban egy kognitív szemléletű műfajelmélet felé

<p>Delta, theta, alpha and beta band power at different locations during the walking test (μV²).</p

Closing and cloning in open-end mutual funds

Using a unique dataset, we document that only those closed funds for which no new fund is subsequently launched continuously deliver positive abnormal returns. This suggests the existence of an optimal fund scale. In spite of the potential diseconomies of scale, a non-trivial proportion of closed funds have new funds cloned—the scale motive would not be a complete explanation for the closure. When managers of closed funds clone new funds, they receive greater public attention and thus can attract more fund flows and charge higher fees. Furthermore, better-performing closed fund managers attract more fund flows to their new siblings, making the closure an effective mechanism to extract economic rents. Overall, we find that closing and cloning is an attractive strategy for funds seeking to increase their management fees and funds with more managers in place. Aspects of the closed fund family also affect the launch decision of new siblings

Plasmids and strains used in this study.

<p>Plasmids and strains used in this study.</p

Zeaxanthin-monoglycoside and zeaxanthin-diglycoside could be synthesized in <i>E. coli</i> when seven <i>C. sakazakii</i> genes were expressed.

<p>A. TLC analysis of carotenoids EC1 and EC2 produced by DH5α/pWSK29-<i>EiZYIBX</i>. B. UV-visible spectra of purified EC1 and EC2. C. ESI/MS analysis of purified EC1. D. ESI/MS analysis of purified EC2. E. HPLC analysis of the hexose hydrolyzed from EC1.</p

The proposed pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in <i>C. sakazakii</i> BAA894.

<p>The names used in this article for each molecule were listed on the right.</p

Analysis of yellow pigments produced by <i>C. sakazakii</i> BAA894.

<p>A. TLC analysis of yellow pigments CS1 and CS2 produced by <i>C. sakazakii</i> BAA894. B. UV-visible spectra of purified CS1 and CS2. C. ESI/MS analysis of the purified CS1. E. ESI/MS analysis of the purified CS2.</p

Lycopene and β-carotene could be synthesized in <i>E. coli</i> when <i>C. sakazakii</i> genes <i>crtE</i>, <i>idi</i>, <i>crtI</i> and <i>crtB</i> were expressed with or without <i>crtY</i>, respectively.

<p>A. TLC analysis of carotenoids EC1 and EC2 produced by DH5α/pWSK29-<i>EiIB</i> and DH5α/pWSK29-<i>EiYIB</i>, respectively. B. UV-visible spectra of purified EC1 and EC2. C. HPLC spectra of purified EC1 and EC2.</p

<i>C. sakazakii</i> gene <i>crtZ</i> is responsible for the biosynthesis of cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin from β-carotene.

<p>A. TLC analysis of carotenoids EC3 and EC4 produced by DH5α/pWSK29-<i>EiZYIB</i>. B. UV-visible spectra of purified EC3 and EC4. C. ESI/MS of purified EC3. D. ESI/MS of purified EC4.</p

Organization of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in <i>C. sakazakii</i>.

<p>Direction of transcription is indicated by arrows. ORF numbers of the corresponding genes, and identities of the corresponding proteins in <i>C. sakazakii</i> strains ES5 and BAA894 are listed. Only the gene <i>idi</i> was annotated in the genome of <i>C. sakazakii</i> BAA894.</p

Primers used in this study.

<p>Capital letters stand for nucleotides from chromosomal sequences. The recognition sites for restriction enzymes are underlined.</p