Additional file 1 of Kynurenine in IDO1high cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles promotes angiogenesis by inducing endothelial mitophagy in ovarian cancer

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Characterization and internalization of EVs. a Images of CD9, CD81 and CD63 protein expression in cell-derived EVs by Western blot. b Images of labeled EVs endocytosed by endothelial cells. Scale bar:10 μm. Figure S2. OC cell-derived EVs promoted angiogenesis by activating mitophagy of endothelial cells. a Representative images and quantitation of mitotracker, LC3 and DAPI in endothelial cells treated with different groups imaged by confocal microscopy. Scale bar:10 μm. (n = 5, Mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, ***P ＜ 0.001). b, Representative images and quantitative analysis of tube formation in different groups(n=5). Scale bar: 500 μm. (n = 5, Mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, ***P ＜ 0.001). Figure S3. Metabolic profiles characterization of EVs from OC and non-OC plasma. a Images of CD9 and CD81 expression in plasma-derived EVs from OC and non-OC patients by Western blot. b QC sample correlation analysis of positive and negative ion mode. c Principal component analysis (PCA) of metabolome samples in negative ion mode. d Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA) of metabolome samples in positive and negative ion mode. e Pie chart depicting classification of metabolites in negative ion mode. f Clustering heatmap of differential metabolites in positive and negative ion mode. g KEGG pathway enrichment of differentially accumulated metabolites in negative ion mode between OC and non-OC plasma derived-EVs. For b–g all n = 6 plasma-derived EVs from patients with OC or non-OC were performed for analysis. Figure S4. Clustering of cellular landscape between OC and non-OC samples by analyzing scRNA-seq data. a T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding（tSNE）revealing 8 clusters by integrating analysis of OC and non-OC samples. b Percentage of major cell clusters in OC samples versus non-OC ovarian samples. c Percentage of epithelial cell sub-clusters in OC samples versus non-OC ovarian samples. d Distribution of IDO1 in epithelial cell sub-clusters of OC samples versus non-OC ovarian samples. For a–d all n = 7 OC and n = 5 non-OC samples obtained from GSE184880 dataset were used for analysis. Figure S5. Identification of hub genes associated with tryptophan metabolism in OC. a Heatmap showing differentiate expression genes (DEGs) in OC samples from TCGA ovarian cancer dataset and non-OC samples from GETx dataset. b Univariate Cox regression analysis indicating tryptophan metabolism related genes involving in OC prognosis of OCGA_OV dataset. Figure S6. Construction and validation of IDO1 over-expression and down-expression in the OC cell line. a Validation for IDO1 over-expression and down-expression in A2780 by RT-PCR (n = 3, Mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, **P ＜ 0.01, ***P ＜ 0.001). b Validation for IDO1 over-expression and down-expression in A2780 by Western blot(n = 3, Mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, *P ＜ 0.05, *P ＜ 0.01,***P ＜ 0.001). Table S1. Primary antibodies for Western blot, IHC or CoIP. Table S2. Primer sequence

Cationic Oligo(thiophene ethynylene) with Broad-Spectrum and High Antibacterial Efficiency under White Light and Specific Biocidal Activity against <i>S. aureus</i> in Dark

We designed and synthesized a novel oligo­(thiophene ethynylene) (OTE) to investigate the antibacterial activities against Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>) bacteria in vitro by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Notably, OTE presents broad-spectrum and greatly high antibacterial activities after white light irradiation at nanogram per milliliter concentrations. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) values obtained for <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>R. solanacearum</i> are 8, 13, 24, and 52 ng/mL after illumination for 30 min, respectively, which are lower than that of other PDT agents. Interestingly, OTE shows the specific and very strong dark killing capability against <i>S. aureus</i> at the concentration of 180 ng/mL for 30 min, which is the highest efficiency biocide against <i>S. aureus</i> without the need of irradiation to date. The antibacterial mechanism investigated demonstrated that reactive oxygen species or singlet-oxygen generated by OTE kills bacteria irreversibly upon white light irradiation, and OTE as a v-type oligomer exerts its toxicity directly on destroying bacterial cytoplasmic membrane in the dark. Importantly, the OTE shows no cell cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. The results indicate that it is potential to provide versatile applications in the efficient control of pathogenic organisms and specific application for killing <i>S. aureus</i>

Data_Sheet_1_Prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among 18,503 Chinese children aged 3–14 years.PDF

BackgroundChild malnutrition places a major burden on global public health. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of child malnutrition and identify its potential factors among children aged 3–14 years from Beijing and Tangshan.MethodsWe cross-sectionally recruited 18,503 children aged 3–14 years from September 2020 to January 2022, according to a stratified cluster random sampling strategy. Child malnutrition was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Data were analyzed by STATA software and R language.ResultsThe prevalence of malnutrition among 18,503 children was 10.93%. After multivariable adjustment, seven factors significantly associated with child malnutrition were parental education (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p: 1.52, 1.40 to 1.67, ConclusionApproximately 10% of Chinese children aged 3–14 years were in malnutrition status, and seven factors were found to be significant predictors for child malnutrition.</p

Water-Mediated Synthesis of Full-Biomass Vitrimer with Enhanced Moldability, Recyclability, and Biodegradability

The escalating concern about plastic pollution has intensified research efforts in developing degradable bioplastics. However, the fabrication processes of all-natural bioplastics are fraught with tremendous challenges, notably the use of toxic chemicals and the generation of hazardous waste. Herein, we report an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing a sustainable konjac glucomannan (KGM) bioplastic. The intermolecular interactions of KGM chains were reconstructed by substituting the original H-bonds with dynamic covalent bonds, which were formed via the Schiff base reaction at the oil–water interface. The resulting thermo-processable KGM bioplastic exhibited multiple advantages, such as low glass-transition temperature (Tg), rehealability, reprocessability, satisfactory tensile strain, and excellent resistance to water and other chemicals. Significantly, only water was used as the reaction medium throughout the entire preparation, which avoided the consumption of organic solvents and the production of hazardous waste. This work provides an eco-friendly approach to craft konjac glucomannan bioplastic as viable alternatives to traditional plastics

Solubility of Monomers for Chain Polymerization in Ionic Liquids Predicted by the Conductor-Like Screening Model for Real Solvents

Ionic liquids have been extensively investigated as clean solvents for chain polymerization reactions, such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, and cationic polymerization. However, the low solubilities of the monomers in ionic liquids often impede the efficiency of these reactions. In this study, the solubilities of two typical vinyl monomers, namely, <i>p</i>-methylstyrene (<i>p</i>-MeSt) and isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) were studied in 1750 possible ionic liquids (combinations of 50 cations with 35 anions) by the conductor-like screening model for real solvents. The effects of the cation structures, anion structures, and ion chain length on the solubility were systemically studied. The interaction energies and σ profiles were also employed to explain major factors affecting solubility. The results revealed that a larger size of the nonpolar region of the cation or anion results in higher solubilities for <i>p</i>-MeSt and IBVE, as does a longer alkyl chain in cation or anion. In this study, a theoretical method for selecting ionic liquids for chain polymerization was established

Additional file 1 of Associations of bullying perpetration and peer victimization subtypes with preadolescent’s suicidality, non-suicidal self-injury, neurocognition, and brain development

Additional file 1: Table S1. ABCD data release 4.0 variables used in current analysis. Figure S1. Flowchart indicating exclusions for primary analyses. Table S2. Demographic characteristics of the analyzed samples. Table S3. Associations of peer bullying subtypes with suicidality/NSSI in preadolescents. Table S4. Associations of peer bullying subtypes with cognition in preadolescents. Table S5. Associations between peer bullying and brain structure. Table S6. Associations between peer bullying and brain network

Effects of fluidization on empty microcapsule integrity within the bioreactors.

<p>(A) Microcapsule retention rates of the DMFBB and FBB operated at 90 and 150 ml/min. (B) Swelling rates (%) of microcapsules in the DMFBB and FBB operated at 90 and 150ml/min. (C) Percentages of broken microcapsules in the DMFBB and FBB operated at 90 and 150 ml/min. The following results were obtained: (A): When the DMFBB was operated at 90 ml/min, the rate of microcapsule retention was 99.8% compared to 91.74% in the FBB at day 1 (p = 0.0025), 98.08% compared to 90.3% at day 2 (p = 0.0022), and 96.55% compared to 87.68% at day 3 (p = 0.0024).When the DMFBB was operated at 150 ml/min, the rate of microcapsule retention was 99.78% compared to 92.14% in the FBB at day 1 (p = 0.0051), 97.49% compared to 87.98% at day 2 (p = 0.0014), and 94.71% compared to 84.95% at day 3 (p = 0.0008). (B): When the DMFBB was operated at 90 ml/min, the swelling rate (%) of microcapsules was 7.7% compared to 15.81% in the FBB at day 1 (P = 0.0176), 11.59% compared to 19.64% at day 2 (p = 0.0027), and 12.8% compared to 34.81% at day 3 (p = 0.0005). When the DMFBB was operated at 150 ml/min, the swelling rate of microcapsules was 5.49% compared to 23.49% in the FBB at day 1 (p = 0.0328), 14.35% compared to 27.59% at day 2 (p = 0.0241), and 30.11% compared to 36.66% at day 3 (p = 0.3258). (C): When the DMFBB was operated at 90 ml/min, the percentage of broken microcapsules in the DMFBB was 1.6% compared to 3.2% in the FBB at day 1 (p = 0.0095), 4.8% compared to 7.4% at day 2 (p = 0.0117), and 6.4% compared to 11.6% at day 3 (p = 0.0017). When DMFBB was operated at 150 ml/min, the percentage of broken microcapsules in the DMFBB was 1.9% compared to 4.2% in the FBB at day 1 (p = 0.0042), 5.6% compared to 9.8% at day 2 (p = 0.0114), and 7.4% compared to 11.8% at day 3 (p = 0.0031).</p

miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Reveal Insight into Chitosan-Mediated Regulation of Plant Growth

Chitosan has been numerously studied as a plant growth regulator and stress tolerance inducer. To investigate the roles of chitosan as bioregulator on plant and unravel its possible metabolic responses mechanisms, we simultaneously investigated mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles of wheat seedlings in response to chitosan heptamer. We found 400 chitosan-responsive differentially expressed genes, including 268 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated mRNAs, many of which were related to photosynthesis, primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, defense responses, and transcription factors. Moreover, miRNAs also participate in chitosan-mediated regulation on plant growth. We identified 87 known and 21 novel miRNAs, among which 56 miRNAs were induced or repressed by chitosan heptamer, such as miRNA156, miRNA159a, miRNA164, miRNA171a, miRNA319, and miRNA1127. The integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in this case provides fundamental information for further investigation of regulation mechanisms of chitosan on plant growth and will facilitate its application in agriculture

Effect of Sulfated Chitooligosaccharides on Wheat Seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

In this study, sulfated chitooligosaccharide (SCOS) was applied to wheat seedlings to investigate its effect on the plants’ defense response under salt stress. The antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll contents, and fluorescence characters of wheat seedlings were determined at a certain time. The results showed that treatment with exogenous SCOS could decrease the content of malondialdehyde, increase the chlorophyll contents, and modulate fluorescence characters in wheat seedlings under salt stress. In addition, SCOS was able to regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase. Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of several antioxidant enzymes were efficiently modulated by SCOS. The results indicated that SCOS could alleviate the damage of salt stress by adjusting the antioxidant enzyme activities of plant. The effect of SCOS on the photochemical efficiency of wheat seedlings was associated with its enhanced capacity for antioxidant enzymes, which prevented structure degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus under NaCl stress. Furthermore, the effective activities of alleviating salt stress indicated the activities of SCOS were closely related with the sulfate group