Planar carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid films for high-performance broadband photodetectors

Graphene has emerged as a promising material for photonic applications fuelled by its superior electronic and optical properties. However, the photoresponsivity is limited by the low absorption cross section and ultrafast recombination rates of photoexcited carriers. Here we demonstrate a photoconductive gain of $\sim$ 10$^5$ electrons per photon in a carbon nanotube-graphene one dimensional-two dimensional hybrid due to efficient photocarriers generation and transport within the nanostructure. A broadband photodetector (covering 400 nm to 1550 nm) based on such hybrid films is fabricated with a high photoresponsivity of more than 100 AW$^{-1}$ and a fast response time of approximately 100 {\mu}s. The combination of ultra-broad bandwidth, high responsivities and fast operating speeds affords new opportunities for facile and scalable fabrication of all-carbon optoelectronic devices.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure

Interlayer Interactions in Anisotropic Atomically-thin Rhenium Diselenide

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials with strong in-plane anisotropic properties such as black phosphorus have demonstrated great potential for developing new devices that can take advantage of its reduced lattice symmetry with potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics and thermoelectrics. However, the selection of 2D material with strong in-plane anisotropy has so far been very limited and only sporadic studies have been devoted to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) materials with reduced lattice symmetry, which is yet to convey the full picture of their optical and phonon properties, and the anisotropy in their interlayer interactions. Here, we study the anisotropic interlayer interactions in an important TMDC 2D material with reduced in-plane symmetry - atomically thin rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) - by investigating its ultralow frequency interlayer phonon vibration modes, the layer dependent optical bandgap, and the anisotropic photoluminescence (PL) spectra for the first time. The ultralow frequency interlayer Raman spectra combined with the first study of polarization-resolved high frequency Raman spectra in mono- and bi-layer ReSe2 allows deterministic identification of its layer number and crystal orientation. PL measurements show anisotropic optical emission intensity with bandgap increasing from 1.26 eV in the bulk to 1.32 eV in monolayer, consistent with the theoretical results based on first-principle calculations. The study of the layer-number dependence of the Raman modes and the PL spectra reveals the relatively weak van der Waals interaction and 2D quantum confinement in atomically-thin ReSe2.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, supplementary informatio

Public service facilities implantation mode research for existing communities based on ArcGIS analysis

China's urban construction has come to the stage of refined regeneration after a period of decades of rapid urbanization. While the existing communities' regeneration is facing more competitions. As one of the most important subjects in city regeneration, to perfect public service facilities' distribution and to improve its quality are two main jobs. However, there is no surplus land to construct big facilities' buildings, besides, inhabitants' needs tend to be diversified. The discrepancy between these two aspects has become one important problem in existing communities' regeneration. Based on it, this paper proposes a mode of implanting public service facilities into the existing communities which mainly contains two aspects. In terms of function, filter and classify the public facilities which can activate communities' vitality, then analysis different kinds of current facilities' deficiency by ArcGIS to make a decision of facilities' types. In terms of space, there mainly contains three parts. First of all, do typological analysis of existing communities' space, then, design corresponding implantation strategy for each type, taking facilities' function, such as restaurant and retail business, beauty salon, small theatre, tea house, etc. into consideration. At last, combing the existing communities' structure, make sure these public facilities open to the city rather than the residents only, and open to all ages. As result, create a public place shared by the whole city. This study's final goal is to try to offer a new mode of existing communities' regeneration and to provide a reference for making and revising related norms

nature biotechnology VOLUME

To better understand the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of human disease, we systematically examine relationships between 3,949 genes, 62,663 mutations and 3,453 associated disorders by generating a three-dimensional, structurally resolved human interactome. This network consists of 4,222 high-quality binary protein-protein interactions with their atomic-resolution interfaces. We find that in-frame mutations (missense point mutations and in-frame insertions and deletions) are enriched on the interaction interfaces of proteins associated with the corresponding disorders, and that the disease specificity for different mutations of the same gene can be explained by their location within an interface. We also predict 292 candidate genes for 694 unknown disease-to-gene associations with proposed molecular mechanism hypotheses. This work indicates that knowledge of how in-frame disease mutations alter specific interactions is critical to understanding pathogenesis. Structurally resolved interaction networks should be valuable tools for interpreting the wealth of data being generated by large-scale structural genomics and disease association studies. Over the past few decades, a tremendous amount of resources and effort have been invested in mapping human disease loci genetically and later physically 1 . Since the completion of the human genome sequence, especially with advances in genome-wide association studies and ongoing cancer genome sequencing projects, an impressive list of disease-associated genes and their mutations have been produced 2 . However, it has rarely been possible to translate this wealth of information on individual mutations and their association with disease into biological or therapeutic insights 3 . Most of the drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration today are palliative 4 -they merely treat symptoms, rather than targeting specific genes or pathways responsible, even if associated genes are known. One main reason for this lack of success is the complex genotype-tophenotype relationships among diseases and their associated genes and mutations. In particular, (i) the same gene can be associated with multiple disorders (gene pleiotropy); and (ii) mutations in any one of many genes can cause the same clinical disorder (locus heterogeneity). For example, mutations in TP53 are linked to 32 clinically distinguishable forms of cancer and cancer-related disorders, whereas mutations in any of at least 12 different genes can lead to long QT syndrome. With the publication of several large-scale protein-protein interaction networks in human 5-8 , researchers have recently begun to use complex cellular networks to explore these genotype-to-phenotype relationships 2,9 , on the basis that many proteins function by interacting with other proteins. However, most analyses model proteins as graph-theoretical nodes, ignoring the structural details of individual proteins and the spatial constraints of their interactions. Here, we investigate on a large-scale the underlying molecular mechanisms for the complex genotype-to-phenotype relationships by integrating three-dimensional (3D) atomic-level protein structure information with high-quality large-scale protein-protein interaction data. Within the framework of this structurally resolved protein interactome, we examine the relationships among human diseases and their associated genes and mutations. RESULTS Structurally resolved protein interactome for human disease We first combined 12,577 reliable literature-curated binary interactions filtered from six widely used databases 10-15 (Online Methods) and 8,173 well-verified, high-throughput, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) interactions Next, we structurally resolved the interfaces of these interactions using a homology modeling approach 16 . We used both iPfam 17 and 3did 18 to identify the interfaces of two interacting proteins by mapping them to known atomic-resolution 3D structures of interactions in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) Finally, to compile a comprehensive list of disease-associated genes and their mutations, we combined information from both Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM