Effect of TGA on the number of ovulated oocytes.

<p>*Compared to control group; <i>P</i><0.05.</p>Δ<p>Compared to 37.81 mg/kg TGA group; <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Parthenogenetically activated oocytes (×300) with pronucleus (PN) and polar body (PB).

<p>The black arrow shows PN and the white arrow shows PB. A: The activated oocyte with 1 PN and 2 PB. B: The activated oocyte with 2 PN and 1 PB. C: The activated oocyte with 2 cells.</p

Effect of TGA on the parthenogenetic activation of oocytes.

<p>*Compared to control group, <i>P</i><0.05.</p>Δ<p>Compared to the 37.81 mg/kg TGA group, <i>P</i><0.05.</p>#<p>Compared to the 75.62 mg/kg TGA group, <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Effect of TGA on the spindle morphology of <i>in vivo</i> matured oocytes (×600).

<p>The oocytes were stained immunocytochemically with anti-α-tubulin monoclonal antibody and fluoroscein isothiocyanate to observe the spindle (green). Counterstaining with PI was also performed to detect the chromosomes (red).</p

Effect of TGA administration on the spindle area of <i>in vivo</i> matured oocytes (<i>n</i> = 22).

<p>* Compare to control group, <i>P</i><0.05; ^Δ Compared to 37.81 mg/kg TGA group, <i>P</i><0.05; ^# Compared to 75.62 mg/kg TGA group, <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Effect of TGA on calcium ionophore A23187 induced parthenogenetic activation rate of <i>xenopus</i> oocytes in vitro.

<p><i>Xenopus</i> MII oocytes were firstly pretreated with different dose of TGA (0, 5, 25, 125 µg/ml), after rinsed off TGA with MMR, the oocytes were then activated by 2 µg/ml calcium ionophore A23187. Oocytes activation was closely monitored after the addition of A23187. The activation rates were counted at the indicated time point (10, 20, 30, 60 min after A23187 addition).</p

Effects of TGA on the expression of proteins involved in MPF and MAPK during the process of parthenogenetic activation.

<p>Oocytes were homogenized 1 h after calcium ionophore A23187 addition and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. Actin was used as a control for protein loading.</p

Effects of TGA on the expression of proteins involved in MPF and MAPK during the process of parthenogenetic activation.

<p>The bar graph shows the relative quantification of band intensity. Significance indicated by *<i>p</i><.05, **<i>p</i><.01, compared with TGA 0 µg/ml group.</p

Effect of TGA on the fertilization coat formation of <i>xenopus</i> oocytes.

<p>(A) An unfertilized egg which arrested in MII, there is a white spot on the animal pole; (B) An parthenogenetic activated egg induced by 2 µg/ml calcium ionophore A23187 without TGA treatment. (C) An partheogenetic activated egg induced by 2 µg/ml calcium ionophore A23187 pretreated with 125 µg/ml TGA for 2 h.</p