Particle Jetting Induced by the Impulsive Loadings

Particle rings/shells/cylinders dispersed by the radial impulsive loadings ranging from strong blast waves to moderate shock waves form a dual coherent jetting structure consisting of particle jets which have different dimensions. In both circumstances, the primary jets are found to initiate from the inner surface of particle layers and propagate through the thickness of particle layers, which are superimposed by a large number of much smaller secondary jets initiating from the outer surface of particle layers upon the reflection of the shock wave. This chapter first presents a summary of the experimental observations of the hierarchical particle jetting mainly via the cinematographic techniques, focusing on the characteristics of the primary particle jet structure. Due to the distinct behaviors of particles subjected to the strong blast and moderate shock waves, specifically solid-like and fluid-like responses, respectively, the explosive and shock-induced particle jetting should be attributed to distinct mechanisms. A dual particle jetting model from the perspective of continuum is proposed to account for the explosive-induced particle jetting. By contrast the shock-induced particle jetting arises from the localized particle shear flows around the inner surface of particle layers which result from the heterogeneous network of force chains

A New Least Squares Support Vector Machines Ensemble Model for Aero Engine Performance Parameter Chaotic Prediction

Aiming at the nonlinearity, chaos, and small-sample of aero engine performance parameters data, a new ensemble model, named the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) ensemble model with phase space reconstruction (PSR) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), is presented. First, to guarantee the diversity of individual members, different single kernel LSSVMs are selected as base predictors, and they also output the primary prediction results independently. Then, all the primary prediction results are integrated to produce the most appropriate prediction results by another particular LSSVM—a multiple kernel LSSVM, which reduces the dependence of modeling accuracy on kernel function and parameters. Phase space reconstruction theory is applied to extract the chaotic characteristic of input data source and reconstruct the data sample, and particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain the best LSSVM individual members. A case study is employed to verify the effectiveness of presented model with real operation data of aero engine. The results show that prediction accuracy of the proposed model improves obviously compared with other three models

Positive periodic solution for enterprise cluster model with feedback controls and time-varying delays on time scales

This paper aims to study a class of enterprise cluster models with feedback controls and time-varying delays on time scales. Based on periodic time scales theory and the fixed point theorem of strict-set-contraction, some new sufficient conditions for the existence of positive periodic solutions are obtained. Finally, two examples are presented to verify the validity and applicability of the main results in this paper

Multipotent adult progenitor cells sustain function of ischemic limbs in mice

Despite progress in cardiovascular research, a cure for peripheral vascular disease has not been found. We compared the vascularization and tissue regeneration potential of murine and human undifferentiated multipotent adult progenitor cells (mMAPC-U and hMAPC-U), murine MAPC-derived vascular progenitors (mMAPC-VP), and unselected murine BM cells (mBMCs) in mice with moderate limb ischemia, reminiscent of intermittent claudication in human patients. mMAPC-U durably restored blood flow and muscle function and stimulated muscle regeneration, by direct and trophic contribution to vascular and skeletal muscle growth. This was in contrast to mBMCs and mMAPC-VP, which did not affect muscle regeneration and provided only limited and transient improvement. Moreover, mBMCs participated in a sustained inflammatory response in the lower limb, associated with progressive deterioration in muscle function. Importantly, mMAPC-U and hMAPC-U also remedied vascular and muscular deficiency in severe limb ischemia, representative of critical limb ischemia in humans. Thus, unlike BMCs or vascular-committed progenitors, undifferentiated multipotent adult progenitor cells offer the potential to durably repair ischemic damage in peripheral vascular disease patients

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

An Integrated Lubricant Oil Conditioning Sensor Using Signal Multiplexing

One effective approach to detect signs of potential failure of a rotating or reciprocating machine is to examine the conditions of its lubrication oil. Here we present an integrated oil condition sensor for detecting both wear debris and lubricant properties. The integrated sensor consists of miniature multiplexed sensing elements for detection of wear debris and measurements of viscosity and moisture. The oil debris sensing element consists of eight sensing channels to detect wear debris in parallel; the elements for measuring oil viscosity and moisture, based on interdigital electrode sensing, were fabricated using micromachining. The integrated sensor was installed and tested in a laboratory lubricating system. Signal multiplexing was applied to the outputs of the three sensing elements such that responses from all sensing elements were obtained within two measurements, and the signal-to-noise ratio was improved. Testing results show that the integrated sensor is capable of measuring wear debris (\u3e50 µm), moisture (\u3e50 ppm) and viscosity (\u3e12.4 cSt) at a high throughput (200 ml min−1). The device can be potentially used for online health monitoring of rotating machines

A High Sensitivity Inductive Sensor for Blade Tip Clearance Measurement

A multiplexed inductive sensor consisting of multiple mini-sized planar spiral coils for detecting multiple tip clearances of rotor blades is presented. The sensor measures the tip clearances by monitoring the inductance changes of planar spiral coils caused by the passage of the rotor blades. A resonance frequency division multiplexing technique and parallel LC resonance measurement were applied to the multiple sensor coils, making it feasible to measure multiple tip clearances using only one set of measurement electronics with high sensitivity and resolution. The results from tests conducted on a bench-top test rig have demonstrated that the sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring multiple tip clearances from 0 to 5 mm with a 10 μm resolution at a high rotary speed up to 80 000 RPM. With its high resolution, high sensitivity and capability of monitoring a large number of tip clearances simultaneously, this sensor can potentially be used for advanced active tip clearance control in turbine machinery

Asymptotic Behavior of Some Differential Inequalities with Mixed Delays and Their Applications

In this paper, we focus on the asymptotic stability of the trajectories governed by the differential inequalities with mixed delays using the fixed-point theorem. It is interesting that the Halanay inequality is a special case of the differential inequality studied in this paper. Our results generalize and improve the existing results on Halanay inequality. Finally, three numerical examples are utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results