101 research outputs found
Magnetic shield of PMT used in DAMPE electromagnetic calorimeter
The magnetic characteristics of photomultiplier tube R5610A-01 are studied in
this paper. The experimental data shows that the gain of R5610A-01 loses about
53% when the magnetic field is 3G along its +X axis. A cylinder of one-layer
permalloy strip is able to reduce the effect of 3G magnetic field on the PMT's
gain to less than 1%.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Chinese Physics
A study of energy correction for the electron beam data in the BGO ECAL of the DAMPE
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is an orbital experiment aiming at
searching for dark matter indirectly by measuring the spectra of photons,
electrons and positrons originating from deep space. The BGO electromagnetic
calorimeter is one of the key sub-detectors of the DAMPE, which is designed for
high energy measurement with a large dynamic range from 5 GeV to 10 TeV. In
this paper, some methods for energy correction are discussed and tried, in
order to reconstruct the primary energy of the incident electrons. Different
methods are chosen for the appropriate energy ranges. The results of Geant4
simulation and beam test data (at CERN) are presented
Zebrafish foxo3b Negatively Regulates Antiviral Response through Suppressing the Transactivity of irf3 and irf7
Forkhead box O (FOXO)3, a member of the FOXO family of transcription factors, plays key roles in various cellular processes, including development, longevity, reproduction, and metabolism. Recently, FOXO3 has also been shown to be involved in modulating the immune response. However, how FOXO3 regulates immunity and the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, we show that zebrafish (Danio rerio) foxo3b, an ortholog of mammalian FOXO3, is induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stimulation and spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. We found that foxo3b interacted with irf3 and irf7 to inhibit ifr3/irf7 transcriptional activity, thus resulting in suppression of SVCV or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced IFN activation. By suppressing expression of key antiviral genes, foxo3b negatively regulated the cellular antiviral response. Furthermore, upon SVCV infection, the expression of the key antiviral genes was significantly enhanced in foxo3b-null zebrafish larvae compared with wild-type larvae. Additionally, the replication of SVCV was inhibited in foxo3b-null zebrafish larvae, leading to a higher survival rate. Our findings suggest that by suppressing irf3/irf7 activity, zebrafish foxo3b negatively regulates the antiviral response, implicating the vital role of the FOXO gene family in innate immunity.</p
Concise Review: Targeting Cancer Stem Cells Using Immunologic Approaches
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subset of tumor cells which have the ability to selfârenew and generate the diverse cells that comprise the tumor bulk. They are responsible for local tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. However, they are resistant to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies that specifically target CSCs may improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. To immunologically target CSC phenotypes, innate immune responses to CSCs have been reported using Natural killer cells and γΎ T cells. To target CSC specifically, in vitro CSCâprimed T cells have been successfully generated and shown targeting of CSCs in vivo after adoptive transfer. Recently, CSCâbased dendritic cell vaccine has demonstrated significant induction of antiâCSC immunity both in vivo in immunocompetent hosts and in vitro as evident by CSC reactivity of CSC vaccineâprimed antibodies and T cells. In addition, identification of specific antigens or genetic alterations in CSCs may provide more specific targets for immunotherapy. ALDH, CD44, CD133, and HER2 have served as markers to isolate CSCs from a number of tumor types in animal models and human tumors. They might serve as useful targets for CSC immunotherapy. Finally, since CSCs are regulated by interactions with the CSC niche, these interactions may serve as additional targets for CSC immunotherapy. Targeting the tumor microenvironment, such as interrupting the immune cell, for example, myeloidâderived suppressor cells, and cytokines, for example, ILâ6 and ILâ8, as well as the immune checkpoint (PD1/PDL1, etc.) may provide additional novel strategies to enhance the immunological targeting of CSCs. Stem Cells 2015;33:2085â2092Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112006/1/stem2039.pd
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