280 research outputs found
Novel interface-selected waves and their influences on wave competitions
The topic of interface effects in wave propagation has attracted great
attention due to their theoretical significance and practical importance. In
this paper we study nonlinear oscillatory systems consisting of two media
separated by an interface, and find a novel phenomenon: interface can select a
type of waves (ISWs). Under certain well defined parameter condition, these
waves propagate in two different media with same frequency and same wave
number; the interface of two media is transparent to these waves. The frequency
and wave number of these interface-selected waves (ISWs) are predicted
explicitly. Varying parameters from this parameter set, the wave numbers of two
domains become different, and the difference increases from zero continuously
as the distance between the given parameters and this parameter set increases
from zero. It is found that ISWs can play crucial roles in practical problems
of wave competitions, e.g., ISWs can suppress spirals and antispirals
Lead to Elevate the Temperature and Speed of Emergency Rescue and Nursing Care of Common Carotid Artery Rupture and Massive Hemorrhage after Operation of Typical Esophageal Cancer
Objective: Objective To explore the first aid and nursing of patientswith anastomotic fistula after radical resection of esophagus carcinomacomplicated with major carotid hemorrhage. Methods: The clinical dataof anastomotic fistula complicated with carotid artery rupture and massivehemorrhage after radical resection of typical esophageal carcinoma wereanalyzed and summarized. Results: Through the close cooperation ofmedical care, the rescue was successful. Conclusion: Earlier preventionobservation, raising first aid consciousness and actively cooperating withdoctors can improve the success rate of rescue
Nursing Care of a Case of Mediastinal Tumor Resection Combined with Postoperative Thoracic Hemorrhage after Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)
Objective: To summarize the nursing experience of a patient withpostoperative intrathoracic hemorrhage after thoracoscopic-assistedresection of the right upper mediastinal tumor through the original incision.Methods: Summarize the main points of nursing care of postoperativeintrathoracic hemorrhage after thoracoscopic mediastinal surgery, includingobservation and nursing when internal hemorrhage occurs after operation,respiratory management, activity management and pain managementmeasures. Result: After careful care, the patient recovered and dischargedsmoothly. Conclusion: It is particularly important to observe the overallobservation and take timely corresponding nursing measures for patientswith intrathoracic hemorrhage after thoracoscopic mediastinal surgery
Thermal Properties of Cement-Based Composites for Geothermal Energy Applications
Geothermal energy piles are a quite recent renewable energy technique where geothermal energy in the foundation of a building is used to transport and store geothermal energy. In this paper, a structural–functional integrated cement-based composite, which can be used for energy piles, was developed using expanded graphite and graphite nanoplatelet-based composite phase change materials (CPCMs). Its mechanical properties, thermal-regulatory performance, and heat of hydration were evaluated. Test results showed that the compressive strength of GNP-Paraffin cement-based composites at 28 days was more than 25 MPa. The flexural strength and density of thermal energy storage cement paste composite decreased with increases in the percentage of CPCM in the cement paste. The infrared thermal image analysis results showed superior thermal control capability of cement based materials with CPCMs. Hence, the carbon-based CPCMs are promising thermal energy storage materials and can be used to improve the durability of energy piles
Preparation and Supercooling Modification of Salt Hydrate Phase Change Materials Based on CaCl2 2H2O/CaCl2
Salt hydrates have issues of supercooling when they are utilized as phase change materials
(PCMs). In this research, a new method was adopted to prepare a salt hydrate PCM (based
on a mixture of calcium chloride dihydrate and calcium chloride anhydrous) as a novel PCM
system to reduce the supercooling phenomenon existing in CaCl2 6H2O. Six samples with different
compositions of CaCl2 were prepared. The relationship between the performance and the proportion
of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2 2H2O) and calcium chloride anhydrous (CaCl2) was also
investigated. The supercooling degree of the final PCM reduced with the increase in volume of
CaCl2 2H2O during its preparation. The PCM obtained with 66.21 wt % CaCl2 2H2O reduced the
supercooling degree by about 96.8%. All six samples, whose ratio of CaCl2 2H2O to (CaCl2 plus
CaCl2 2H2O) was 0%, 34.03%, 53.82%, 76.56%, 90.74%, and 100% respectively, showed relatively
higher enthalpy (greater than 155.29 J/g), and have the possibility to be applied in buildings
for thermal energy storage purposes. Hence, CaCl2 2H2O plays an important role in reducing
supercooling and it can be helpful in adjusting the solidification enthalpy. Thereafter, the influence of
adding different percentages of Nano-SiO2 (0.1 wt %, 0.3 wt %, 0.5 wt %) in reducing the supercooling
degree of some PCM samples was investigated. The test results showed that the supercooling of the
salt hydrate PCM in Samples 6 and 5 reduced to 0.2 C and 0.4 C respectively. Finally, the effect of
the different cooling conditions, including frozen storage (20 C) and cold storage (5 C), that were
used to prepare the salt hydrate PCM was considered. It was found that both cooling conditions are
effective in reducing the supercooling degree of the salt hydrate PCM. With the synergistic action of
the two materials, the performance and properties of the newly developed PCM systems were better
especially in terms of reducing the supercooling degree of the PCM. The novel composite PCMs are
promising candidates for thermal energy storage applications
Design and Preparation of Carbon Based Composite Phase Change Material for Energy Piles
Energy piles—A fairly new renewable energy concept—Use a ground heat exchanger
(GHE) in the foundation piles to supply heating and cooling loads to the supported building.
Applying phase change materials (PCMs) to piles can help in maintaining a stable temperature
within the piles and can then influence the axial load acting on the piles. In this study, two kinds
of carbon-based composite PCMs (expanded graphite-based PCM and graphite nanoplatelet-based
PCM) were prepared by vacuum impregnation for potential application in energy piles. Thereafter,
a systematic study was performed and different characterization tests were carried out on two
composite PCMs. The composite PCMs retained up to 93.1% of paraffin and were chemically
compatible, thermally stable and reliable. The latent heat of the composite PCM was up to 152.8 J/g
while the compressive strength of cement paste containing 10 wt % GNP-PCM was found to be
37 MPa. Hence, the developed composite PCM has potential for thermal energy storage applications
Spark-induced Sparks as a Mechanism of Intracellular Calcium Alternans in Cardiac Myocytes
Rationale: Intracellular calcium (Ca) alternans has been widely studied in cardiac myocytes and tissue, yet the underlying mechanism remains controversial.
Objective: In this study, we used computational modeling and simulation to study how randomly occurring Ca sparks interact collectively to result in whole-cell Ca alternans.
Methods and Results: We developed a spatially-distributed intracellular Ca cycling model in which Ca release units (CRUs) are locally coupled by Ca diffusion throughout the myoplasm and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) network. Ca sparks occur randomly in the CRU network when periodically paced with a clamped voltage waveform, but Ca alternans develops as the pacing speeds up. Combining computational simulation with theoretical analysis, we show that Ca alternans emerges as a collective behavior of Ca sparks, determined by three critical properties of the CRU network from which Ca sparks arise: randomness (of Ca spark activation), refractoriness (of a CRU after a Ca spark), and recruitment (Ca sparks inducing Ca sparks in adjacent CRUs). We also show that the steep nonlinear relationship between fractional SR Ca release and SR Ca load arises naturally as a collective behavior of Ca sparks, and Ca alternans can occur even when SR Ca is held constant.
Conclusions: We present a general theory for the mechanisms of intracellular Ca alternans, which mechanistically links Ca sparks to whole-cell Ca alternans, and is applicable to Ca alternans in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions
Period-doubling Bifurcation in an Array of Coupled Stochastically-excitable Elements Subjected to Global Periodic Forcing
The collective behaviors of coupled, stochastically-excitable elements subjected to global periodic forcing are investigated numerically and analytically. We show that the whole system undergoes a period-doubling bifurcation as the driving period decreases, while the individual elements still exhibit random excitations. Using a mean-field representation, we show that this macroscopic bifurcation behavior is caused by interactions between the random excitation, the refractory period, and recruitment (spatial cooperativity) of the excitable elements
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