Response of Dent Corn and Sweet Corn to Two Different Forms of Co-situs Application Methods of Controlled Release Fertilizer in Upland Field of a Volcanic Ash Soil

Polyolefin coated fertilizer as a new type of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has began to be used in upland crops in Japan due to its high N recovery rate and environmental friendly characteristics under humid climate. The objective of this paper lies in investigating the response and adaptability of dent corn (Zea mays L. var. indentata Sturt.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Sturt.) to two forms of co-situs application methods (co-situs band application and co-situs spot application) of CRF in upland field of a volcanic ash soil (Alic Pachi Mellanudand) under humid climate conditions. The results obtained showed that, compared to the conventional side-band application of urea, for sweet corn and dent corn, in co-situs spot application of LP70 (polyolefin coated urea, 70 day type), the mean germination percentage at each sowing point greatly decreased by 66.7% and 50%, respectively ; In co-situs band application of LP70, the germination percentage decreased by 26.7% and 10.0%, respectively ; under the condition of co-situs band application of urea, nearly all the seeds of two corns did not germinate and the germinating power was inhibited completely ; The weather conditions with less rainfall and higher temperatures at the germination stage probably increased tendency of poor germination under the co-situs application conditions ; Co-situs spot application of LP70 further retarded seedling development, but such retardation was not obvious at the late growing period because of good water conditions, and in this treatment, the grain yield of both corns as well as the uptake amount of N, P, K decreased significantly, too, but there were no significant difference for harvest index and nitrogen harvest index as compared with control, suggesting that poor germination and less plant number is the main reason for significant decrease of yield and nutrients uptake. Based on the above results, it is therefore recommended that the co-situs application of CRF especially the co-situs spot application would not be applied in sweet corn production, and the co-situs band application of CRF is ideal fertilization method for dent corn production under upland conditions without irrigation in humid area.Controlled release fertilizerCo-Situs applicationDent CornGerminationSweet Cor

Global dynamics of a predator-prey system with Holling type II functional response

In this paper, a predator-prey system with Holling type II functional response and stage structure is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability of each of feasible equilibria of the system is studied. The existence of the orbitally asymptotically stable periodic solution is established. By using suitable Lyapunov functions and the LaSalle invariance principle, it is proven that the predator-extinction equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the coexistence equilibrium is not feasible, and sufficient conditions are derived for the global stability of the coexistence equilibrium

Investigations of supernovae and supernova remnants in the era of SKA

Two main physical mechanisms are used to explain supernova explosions: thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf(Type Ia) and core collapse of a massive star (Type II and Type Ib/Ic). Type Ia supernovae serve as distance indicators that led to the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe. The exact nature of their progenitor systems however remain unclear. Radio emission from the interaction between the explosion shock front and its surrounding CSM or ISM provides an important probe into the progenitor star's last evolutionary stage. No radio emission has yet been detected from Type Ia supernovae by current telescopes. The SKA will hopefully detect radio emission from Type Ia supernovae due to its much better sensitivity and resolution. There is a 'supernovae rate problem' for the core collapse supernovae because the optically dim ones are missed due to being intrinsically faint and/or due to dust obscuration. A number of dust-enshrouded optically hidden supernovae should be discovered via SKA1-MID/survey, especially for those located in the innermost regions of their host galaxies. Meanwhile, the detection of intrinsically dim SNe will also benefit from SKA1. The detection rate will provide unique information about the current star formation rate and the initial mass function. A supernova explosion triggers a shock wave which expels and heats the surrounding CSM and ISM, and forms a supernova remnant (SNR). It is expected that more SNRs will be discovered by the SKA. This may decrease the discrepancy between the expected and observed numbers of SNRs. Several SNRs have been confirmed to accelerate protons, the main component of cosmic rays, to very high energy by their shocks. This brings us hope of solving the Galactic cosmic ray origin's puzzle by combining the low frequency (SKA) and very high frequency (Cherenkov Telescope Array: CTA) bands' observations of SNRs.Comment: To be published in: "Advancing Astrophysics with the Square Kilometre Array", Proceedings of Science, PoS(AASKA14

Teacher Education in Tanzania: Pre-Service Teachers Preparation for the 21st Century

This study explored the required knowledge and skills during pre-services teachers’ preparation for the 21st century based to Tanzania context. The qualitative study was employed at the selected universities with teacher education programme in Tanzania. The study discovered that some 21st century knowledge were not plentifully integrated during pre-services teacher preparation in while other skills are well integrated.  Participants were the pre-service teachers’ and tutors including Professors and Lectures from the teacher education programme. Although the study found some impediments to the integration of 21st century knowledge in teacher education programmes in Tanzania. This study endorses that, technological pedagogical content knowledge should be given highly priority without isolation during preparation of teacher for the 21st century. Key words: Teacher education, Pre-service teacher, knowledge and skills DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-11-09 Publication date: April 30th 202

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Food Enterprises Websites

The importance of enterprise website to promote enterprise development is becoming more and more attention by the small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper establishes an evaluation index system of food enterprises websites from the perspective of user experience based on the websites localization and the current literature, and uses analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each level index, and establishes the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of food enterprises websites, and carries out a case study with the evaluation index system. The case study shows that it is reasonable and credible to evaluate the food enterprises websites with analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Ultrafast magnetization enhancement and spin current injection in magnetic multilayers by exciting the nonmagnetic metal

A systematic investigation of spin injection behavior in Au/FM (FM = Fe and Ni) multilayers is performed using the superdiffusive spin transport theory. By exciting the nonmagnetic layer, the laser-induced hot electrons may transfer spin angular momentum into the adjacent ferromagnetic (FM) metals resulting in ultrafast demagnetization or enhancement. We find that these experimental phenomena sensitively depend on the particular interface reflectivity of hot electrons and may reconcile the different observations in experiment. Stimulated by the ultrafast spin currents carried by the hot electrons, we propose the multilayer structures to generate highly spin polarized currents for development of future ultrafast spintronics devices. The spin polarization of the electric currents carried by the hot electrons can be significantly enhanced by the joint effects of bulk and interfacial spin filtering. Meanwhile the intensity of the generated spin current can be optimized by varying the number of repeated stacking units and the thickness of each metallic layer.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Traveling Wave Solutions for a Delayed SIRS Infectious Disease Model with Nonlocal Diffusion and Nonlinear Incidence

A delayed SIRS infectious disease model with nonlocal diffusion and nonlinear incidence is investigated. By constructing a pair of upper-lower solutions and using Schauder's fixed point theorem, we derive the existence of a traveling wave solution connecting the disease-free steady state and the endemic steady state

Global Stability of a Virus Infection Model with Time Delay and Absorption

In this paper, a virus infection model with time delay and absorption is studied. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability of each of feasible equilibria of the model is established. By using comparison arguments, it is shown that the infection free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity. When the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity, sufficient conditions are derived for the global stability of the virus-infected equilibrium. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results