Creating “Living” Polymer Surfaces to Pattern Biomolecules and Cells on Common Plastics

Creating patterns of biomolecules and cells has been applied widely in many fields associated with the life sciences, including diagnostics. In these applications it has become increasingly apparent that the spatiotemporal arrangement of biological molecules in vitro is important for the investigation of the cellular functions found in vivo. However, the cell patterning techniques often used are limited to creating 2D functional surfaces on glass and silicon. In addition, in general, these procedures are not easy to implement in conventional biological laboratories. Here, we show the formation of a living poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG) layer that can be patterned with visible light on plastic surfaces. This new and simple method can be expanded to pattern <i>multiple</i> types of biomolecule on either a previously formed PEG layer or a plastic substrate. Using common plastic wares (i.e., polyethylene films and polystyrene cell culture Petri-dishes), we demonstrate that these PEG-modified surfaces have a high resistance to protein adsorption and cell adhesion, while at the same time, being capable of undergoing further molecular grafting with bioactive motifs. With a photomask and a fluid delivery system, we illustrate a flexible way to immobilize biological functions with a high degree of 2D and 3D spatial control. We anticipate that our method can be easily implemented in a typical life science laboratory (without the need for specialized lithography equipment) offering the prospect of imparting desirable properties to plastic products, for example, the creation of functional microenvironments in biological studies or reducing biological adhesion to surfaces

Additional file 1: of Proteomic analysis of buccal gland secretion from fasting and feeding lampreys (Lampetra morii)

Figure S1. The distribution of mass errors is near zero and most of them are less than 20 ppm, which means the mass accuracy of the MS data fits the requirement and has a good QC validation of MS data. Figure S2. The protein composition of buccal gland secretion from lampreys fed for 10 min and 60 min was detected by 2D-PAGE. Table S1. The distribution of identified proteins on biological process (A), molecular function (B) and cellular component (C) during fasting and feeding stages. The top ten terms on biological process, molecular function, and cellular component were listed. Excel The identified protein species in the buccal gland secretion of lampreys during fasting and feeding stages in Ensembl lamprey and NCBI databases. (PDF 927 kb

Additional file 1 of Nomogram incorporating Epstein-Barr virus DNA and a novel immune-nutritional marker for survival prediction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Additional file 1: Supplementary file 1. The method of EBV DNA detection