Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Children: the Experience in China

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by an accumulation of abnormal promyelocytes in bone marrow, a severe bleeding tendency and the presence of the chromosomal translocation t(15;17) or variants. APL, the most fatal type of leukemia two decades ago, is highly curable with current treatment strategies. There is evidence that the incidence of APL varies across ethnic groups and that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of APL. And there are some difference between children and adults in APL.1–3 The limited data of children available in many developing countries suggest that the rate of early mortality is high and that long-term survival is poor. Death from bleeding and infection during chemotherapy, relapse and treatment abandonment are among the main cause of treatment failure in APL children as well in adults.2 The status of children APL treatment in China has not been described in general

A solution processed flexible nanocomposite electrode with efficient light extraction for organic light emitting diodes.

Highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on multiple layers of vapor evaporated small molecules, indium tin oxide transparent electrode, and glass substrate have been extensively investigated and are being commercialized. The light extraction from the exciton radiative decay is limited to less than 30% due to plasmonic quenching on the metallic cathode and the waveguide in the multi-layer sandwich structure. Here we report a flexible nanocomposite electrode comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanowires stacked and embedded in the surface of a polymer substrate. Nanoparticles of barium strontium titanate are dispersed within the substrate to enhance light extraction efficiency. Green polymer OLED (PLEDs) fabricated on the nanocomposite electrode exhibit a maximum current efficiency of 118 cd/A at 10,000 cd/m(2) with the calculated external quantum efficiency being 38.9%. The efficiencies of white PLEDs are 46.7 cd/A and 30.5%, respectively. The devices can be bent to 3 mm radius repeatedly without significant loss of electroluminescent performance. The nanocomposite electrode could pave the way to high-efficiency flexible OLEDs with simplified device structure and low fabrication cost

Hybrid Beamforming via the Kronecker Decomposition for the Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems

Despite its promising performance gain, the realization of mmWave massive MIMO still faces several practical challenges. In particular, implementing massive MIMO in the digital domain requires hundreds of RF chains matching the number of antennas. Furthermore, designing these components to operate at the mmWave frequencies is challenging and costly. These motivated the recent development of hybrid-beamforming where MIMO processing is divided for separate implementation in the analog and digital domains, called the analog and digital beamforming, respectively. Analog beamforming using a phase array introduces uni-modulus constraints on the beamforming coefficients, rendering the conventional MIMO techniques unsuitable and call for new designs. In this paper, we present a systematic design framework for hybrid beamforming for multi-cell multiuser massive MIMO systems over mmWave channels characterized by sparse propagation paths. The framework relies on the decomposition of analog beamforming vectors and path observation vectors into Kronecker products of factors being uni-modulus vectors. Exploiting properties of Kronecker mixed products, different factors of the analog beamformer are designed for either nulling interference paths or coherently combining data paths. Furthermore, a channel estimation scheme is designed for enabling the proposed hybrid beamforming. The scheme estimates the AoA of data and interference paths by analog beam scanning and data-path gains by analog beam steering. The performance of the channel estimation scheme is analyzed. In particular, the AoA spectrum resulting from beam scanning, which displays the magnitude distribution of paths over the AoA range, is derived in closed-form. It is shown that the inter-cell interference level diminishes inversely with the array size, the square root of pilot sequence length and the spatial separation between paths.Comment: Submitted to IEEE JSAC Special Issue on Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks, minor revisio

Variation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height at the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau

This paper utilized the high temporal and spatial resolution temperature profile data observed by the multi-channel microwave radiometer at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau from February to May and August to November 2021, combined with the ERA5 reanalysis data products for the whole year of 2021, to study the daily, monthly, and seasonal variations of the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH). The results are as follows: (1) The ABLH on sunny days showed obvious fluctuations with peaks and valleys. The ABLH continued to rise with the increase of surface temperature after sunrise and usually reached its maximum value in the afternoon around 18:00, then rapidly decreased until sunset. (2) The average ABLH in April was the highest at about 1200 m, while it was only around 600 m in November. The ABLH fluctuated greatly during the day and was stable at around 400 m at night. The ABLH results obtained from ERA5 were slightly smaller overall but had a consistent trend of change with the microwave radiometer. (3) The maximum ABLH appeared in spring, followed by summer and autumn, and winter had the lowest value, with all peaks reached around 14:00-15:00. These results are of great significance for understanding the ABLH on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau, and provide reference for the absolute calibration of photon numbers of the LHAASO telescope and the atmospheric monitoring plan, as well as for evaluating the authenticity and accuracy of existing reanalysis datasets

Go viral or go broadcast? Characterizing the virality and growth of cascades

Quantifying the virality of cascades is an important question across disciplines such as the transmission of disease, the spread of information and the diffusion of innovations. An appropriate virality metric should be able to disambiguate between a shallow, broadcast-like diffusion process and a deep, multi-generational branching process. Although several valuable works have been dedicated to this field, most of them fail to take the position of the diffusion source into consideration, which makes them fall into the trap of graph isomorphism and would result in imprecise estimation of cascade virality inevitably under certain circumstances. In this paper, we propose a root-aware approach to quantifying the virality of cascades with proper consideration of the root node in a diffusion tree. With applications on synthetic and empirical cascades, we show the properties and potential utility of the proposed virality measure. Based on preferential attachment mechanisms, we further introduce a model to mimic the growth of cascades. The proposed model enables the interpolation between broadcast and viral spreading during the growth of cascades. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in characterizing the virality of growing cascades. Our work contributes to the understanding of cascade virality and growth, and could offer practical implications in a range of policy domains including viral marketing, infectious disease and information diffusion.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, 1 tabl

Preparation and pre-clinical characterization of sustainedrelease ketoprofen implants for the management of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis

Purpose: To prepare and evaluate sustained-release ketoprofen implants for prolonged drug release and activity.Methods: Ketoprofen implants were prepared with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan in the form of tablets. The implants were analyzed for drug loading, thickness, hardness, swelling, in vitro drug release, as well as in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.Results: The implants were round, smooth in appearance, uniform in thickness and showed no cracks or physical defects on the surface. Their friability was < 1 % while drug content ranged from 89.98 ± 2.06 to 92.95 ± 1.65 %. In vitro drug release ranged from 70.23 to 92.04 % at the end of 5 days. Implants containing higher amounts of PLGA produced the highest swelling (40.24 ± 1.08 %). Implant IKT3 showed maximum analgesic activity (7.75 ± 1.00 s) and shortest time of maximum analgesia (2.5 h) in hot plate method. Inhibition of rat paw edema for IKT1, IKT2 and IKT3 was 79.95, 69.98 and 82.24 %, respectively, after 24 h.Conclusion: Ketoprofen-loaded implant IKT3 (4:4:2 ratio of PLGA, chitosan and ketoprofen) provides relatively quick onset and prolonged duration of analgesic effect. Thus, ketoprofen implants have a potential for development into therapeutic products for prolonged management of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis.Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Ketoprofen implant, Prolonged analgesia, Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), Chitosa

Thermally induced rarefied gas flow in a three-dimensional enclosure with square cross-section

Rarefied gas flow in a three-dimensional enclosure induced by nonuniform temperature distribution is numerically investigated. The enclosure has a square channel-like geometry with alternatively heated closed ends and lateral walls with a linear temperature distribution. A recently proposed implicit discrete velocity method with a memory reduction technique is used to numerically simulate the problem based on the nonlinear Shakhov kinetic equation. The Knudsen number dependencies of the vortices pattern, slip velocity at the planar walls and edges, and heat transfer are investigated. The influences of the temperature ratio imposed at the ends of the enclosure and the geometric aspect ratio are also evaluated. The overall flow pattern shows similarities with those observed in two-dimensional configurations in literature. However, features due to the three-dimensionality are observed with vortices that are not identified in previous studies on similar two-dimensional enclosures at high Knudsen and small aspect ratios

Global Stability of a Computer Virus Propagation Model with Two Kinds of Generic Nonlinear Probabilities

Vaccination is one of the most effective measures for suppressing the spread of computer virus, and the bilinear incidence rate assumption for the majority of previous models, which is a good first approximation of the general incidence rate, is in disagreement with the reality. In this paper, a new dynamical model with two kinds of generic nonlinear probabilities (incidence rate and vaccination probability) is established. An exhaustive mathematical analysis of this model shows that (a) there are two equilibria, virus-free equilibrium and viral equilibrium, and (b) the virus-free (or viral) equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less (or greater) than unity. The analysis of the basic reproduction number is also included. Additionally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the main results, from which it can be seen that the generic nonlinear vaccination is helpful to strengthen computer security