Recent results of TMD measurements from Jefferson Lab Hall A

We report recent results from Jefferson Lab Hall A “Neutron Transversity” experiment (E06-010). Transversely polarized target single-spin asymmetry AUT and beam-target double-spin asymmetry ALT have been measured in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) reactions on a polarized neutron (3He) target. Collins-type and Sivers-type asymmetries have been extracted from AUT for charged pion SIDIS productions, which are sensitive to quark transversity and Sivers distributions, correspondingly. Double spin asymmetry ALT is sensitive to a specific quark transverse momentum dependent parton distribution (TMD), the so-called “ transverse helicity” (g1T ) distributions. In addition, target singlespin asymmetries Ay in inclusive electron scattering on a transversely polarized 3He target in quasi-elastic and deep inelastic kinematics were also measured in Hall A

A Planned Jefferson Lab Experiment on Spin-Flavor Decomposition

Experiment E04-113 at Jefferson Lab Hall C plans to measure the beam-target double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic $\vec p(e, e^\prime h)X$ and $\vec d(e, e^\prime h)X$ reactions ($h=\pi^+, \pi^-, K^+$ or$K^-$) with a 6 GeV polarized electron beam and longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ and LiD targets. The high statistic data will allow a spin-flavor decomposition in the region of $x=0.12 \sim 0.41$ at $Q^2=1.21\sim 3.14$ GeV$^2$. Especially, leading-order and next-to-leading order spin-flavor decomposition of $\Delta u_v$, $\Delta d_v$ and $\Delta \bar{u} - \Delta \bar{d}$ will be extracted based on the measurement of the combined asymmetries $A_{1N}^{\pi^+ - \pi^-}$. The possible flavor asymmetry of the polarized sea will be addressed in this experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, contribution paper to SPIN2004 conferenc

To Be or Not To Be Humorous? Cross Cultural Perspectives on Humor

open access articleHumor seems to manifest differently in Western and Eastern cultures, although little is known about how culture shapes humor perceptions. The authors suggest that Westerners regard humor as a common and positive disposition; the Chinese regard humor as a special disposition particular to humorists, with controversial aspects. In Study 1, Hong Kong participants primed with Western culture evaluate humor more positively than they do when primed with Chinese culture. In Study 2a, Canadians evaluate humor as being more important in comparison with Chinese participants. In Study 2b, Canadians expect ordinary people to possess humor, while Chinese expect specialized comedians to be humorous. The implications and limitations are discussed

Can you forgive? It depends on how happy you are

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.This paper examined how individual group status and happiness influence forgiveness. In Study 1, happiness was treated as a trait difference: highly happy people, compared with very unhappy people, were found to be more willing to forgive murderers. More important, an interaction effect between happiness and group status on forgiveness was found, that is, highly happy people tended to be more forgiving when either ingroup or outgroup mem- bers were killed; unhappy people, however, tended to be less forgiving about murder when ingroup rather than outgroup members were killed. In Study 2, happiness was treated as an emotional state difference: happiness, rather than sadness, was found to bring greater forgiveness. Moreover, consistent with the interaction effect displayed in Study 1, happy participants tended to forgive more when ingroup or outgroup members were hurt; sad partici- pants tended to forgive less when ingroup members rather than outgroup members were hurt. Implications for connections between happiness, group membership, and forgiveness are discussed

How Belief in a Just World Benefits Mental Health: The Effects of Optimism and Gratitude

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Past research suggests that individuals’ belief in a just world (BJW) is closely connected with their mental health. To clarify the underlying mechanism, the current study proposes that BJW encourages optimism and gratitude which then mediates the relation- ship between BJW and mental health as indicated by subjective well-being (SWB) and depression. A sample of 1,200 undergraduates yields results indicating that (a) BJW influences optimism, gratitude, SWB, and depression after controlling for gender, age, income, and personality; (b) optimism and gratitude mediate BJW effects by increasing SWB and decreasing depression. The issues of BJW’s adaptive functions are discussed

SMART: Robust and Efficient Fine-Tuning for Pre-trained Natural Language Models through Principled Regularized Optimization

Transfer learning has fundamentally changed the landscape of natural language processing (NLP) research. Many existing state-of-the-art models are first pre-trained on a large text corpus and then fine-tuned on downstream tasks. However, due to limited data resources from downstream tasks and the extremely large capacity of pre-trained models, aggressive fine-tuning often causes the adapted model to overfit the data of downstream tasks and forget the knowledge of the pre-trained model. To address the above issue in a more principled manner, we propose a new computational framework for robust and efficient fine-tuning for pre-trained language models. Specifically, our proposed framework contains two important ingredients: 1. Smoothness-inducing regularization, which effectively manages the capacity of the model; 2. Bregman proximal point optimization, which is a class of trust-region methods and can prevent knowledge forgetting. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on multiple NLP benchmarks.Comment: The 58th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2020