Chemical Functionalization of Graphene Nanoplatelets with Hydroxyl, Amino, and Carboxylic Terminal Groups

As the most studied two-dimensional material, graphene is still attracting a lot of attention from both academia and industry due to its fantastic properties such as lightness, excellent mechanical strength, and high conductivity of heat and electricity. As an important branch of graphene materials, graphene nanoplatelets show numerous applications such as in coating, fillers of polymer composites, energy conversion and storage devices, sensing, etc. Chemical functionalization can introduce different functional groups to graphene nanoplatelets and can potentially endow them with different properties and functions to meet the increasing demand in the fields mentioned above. In this minireview, we present an overview of the research progress of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets bearing hydroxyl, amino, and carboxylic terminal groups, including both covalent and noncovalent approaches. These terminal groups allow subsequent functionalization reactions to attach additional moieties. Relevant characterization techniques, different applications, challenges, and future directions of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets are also critically summarized

A Novel Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitor based on Pyrene-4,5,9,10-Tetraone Functionalized Graphene as the Cathode and Annealed Ti3C2Tx MXene as the Anode

Asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs), employing two dissimilar electrode materials with a large redox peak position difference as cathode and anode, have been designed to further broaden the voltage window and improve the energy density of supercapacitors. Organic molecule based electrodes can be constructed by combining redox-active organic molecules with conductive carbon-based materials such as graphene. Herein, pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PYT), a redox-active molecule with four carbonyl groups, exhibits a four-electron transfer process and can potentially deliver a high capacity. PYT is noncovalently combined with two different kinds of graphene (Graphenea [GN] and LayerOne [LO]) at different mass ratios. The PYT-functionalized GN electrode (PYT/GN 4–5) possesses a high capacity of 711 F g−1\ua0at 1 A g−1\ua0in 1\ua0M H2SO4. To match with the PYT/GN 4–5 cathode, an annealed-Ti3C2Tx\ua0(A-Ti3C2Tx) MXene anode with a pseudocapacitive character is prepared by pyrolysis of pure Ti3C2Tx. The assembled PYT/GN 4–5//A-Ti3C2Tx\ua0ASC delivers an outstanding energy density of 18.4\ua0Wh kg−1\ua0at a power density of 700\ua0W kg−1. The PYT-functionalized graphene holds great potential for high-performance energy storage devices

The Evolution of Intellectual Property Products in the System of National Accounts: A Case Study of R&D Product

The 21st century is an era of innovation. How to reflect the value of innovation in GDP has become the focus for all countries. Intellectual property in China has developed rapidly, adding its related products into GDP assets accounting scope can encourage and promote local and national economic development, as well as raising the innovation consciousness and awareness. China used to take the international standard SNA 1993 as national economic accounting system reference, based on the overall revision of China's national economic accounting system (2002), China is going to form the national economic accounting system (2016) which will take SNA-2008 as the standard. This article mainly take R&D products as example, analyzing the content and evolution of the national accounting system of intellectual property products at home and abroad, in order to provide a reference for better implementation for China’s GDP accounting system. Keywords: intellectual property products, accounting system, domestic and foreign evolution, R&D product