Laspeyres Decomposition of Energy Intensity including Household-energy Factors

AbstractIn the previous study papers the change of the total energy intensity is decomposed to the structure factor and the efficiency factor, not considering the household energy factor, because GDP are not made only by household energy. Household energy is about ten percents in the total energy consumption and the household energy of unit GDP are always being decreased. In this paper the change of the total energy intensity is decomposed to the structure adjustment factor, the efficiency factor and the household energy factor. The result of decomposition shows the efficiency factor contribute most to the reduction of total energy intensity from 1985 to 2007, the household energy factor the next, and structure adjustment factor the last. The result of decomposition also explains the causation of the abnormal ascending of total energy intensity from 2002 to 2005

Unusual Compression Behavior of Columbite TiO2 via First-Principles Calculations

The physical mechanisms behind the reduction of the bulk modulus of a high-pressure cubic TiO2 phase are confirmed by first-principles calculations. An unusual and abrupt change occurs in the dependence of energy on pressure at 43 GPa, indicating a pressure-induced phase transition from columbite TiO2 to a newly-identified modified fluorite TiO2 with a Pca21 symmetry. Oxygen atom displacement in Pca21 TiO2 unexpectedly reduces the bulk modulus by 34% relative to fluorite TiO2. This discovering provides a direct evidence for understanding the compressive properties of such groups of homologous materialsComment: [email protected] or [email protected]