Synthetic Topological Degeneracy by Anyon Condensation

Topological degeneracy is the degeneracy of the ground states in a many-body system in the large-system-size limit. Topological degeneracy cannot be lifted by any local perturbation of the Hamiltonian. The topological degeneracies on closed manifolds have been used to discover/define topological order in many-body systems, which contain excitations with fractional statistics. In this paper, we study a new type of topological degeneracy induced by condensing anyons along a line in 2D topological ordered states. Such topological degeneracy can be viewed as carried by each end of the line-defect, which is a generalization of Majorana zero-modes. The topological degeneracy can be used as a quantum memory. The ends of line-defects carry projective non-Abelian statistics, and braiding them allow us to perform fault tolerant quantum computations.Comment: 4 pages + references + 3 pages of supplementary material, 2 figures. reference update

Complex System Reliability Analysis Method: Goal‐Oriented Methodology

Goal‐oriented (GO) methodology is a success‐oriented method for complex system reliability analysis based on modeling the normal operating sequence of a system and all possible system states. Recently, GO method has been applied in reliability and safety analysis of a number of systems, spanning defense, transportation, and power systems. This chapter provides a new approach for reliability analysis of complex systems, first, by providing its development history, its engineering applications, and the future directions. Then, the basic theory of GO method is expounded. Finally, the comparison of GO method, fault tree analysis and Monte‐Carlo simulation is discussed

Employment Type, Residential Status, and Consumer Financial Capability: Evidence from China Household Finance Survey

Research on consumer financial capability is important for consumer financial wellbeing and emerging in the literature. However, studies on consumer financial capability in the Chinese context remain limited. To fill up the research gap, we used data from the 2011 China Household Finance Survey to investigate whether employment type and residential status were associated with consumer financial capability in China. Consumer financial capability was measured by the range of financial assets. Results from OLS and Poisson regressions showed that people employed in the government-managed system, with urban residence registration and with non-local rural residence registration had a better financial capability than their respective counterparts. The results have policy implications for improving consumer financial education and supporting vulnerable consumers

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using Naïve Bayes classifier

The development of machine learning brings a new way for diagnosing the fault of rolling element bearings. However, the method in machine learning with high accuracy often has the poor ability of generalization due to the overuse of feature engineering. To address this challenge, Naïve Bayes classifier is applied in this paper. As the one of the cluster of Bayes classifiers, its ability of classification is very outstanding. In this paper, the method is provided with a detailed description for why and how to diagnose the fault of bearing. Finally, an evaluation of the performance of Naïve Bayes classifier is presented with real world data. The evaluation indicates that Naïve Bayes classifier can achieve a high level of accuracy without any feature engineering

Interaction of Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Type-16 Capsid Proteins with Hpv Dna Requires An Intact L2 N-Terminal Sequence

Encapsidation of papillomavirus DNA involves DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. We sought to define the role of each human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid protein in HPV DNA encapsidation. HPV16 major (L1) and minor (L2) capsid proteins purified from recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells were compared for their ability to bind nucleic acids. L2 protein, but not L1 protein, could bind HPV DNA. To map the DNA-binding region of L2, a series of truncated or point-mutated L2 protein open reading frames were used to show that only the N terminal of L2 was required for L2-DNA binding. This interaction depends critically on charged amino acids (Lys or Arg) in the first 12 amino acids of the N terminal of the protein. Several techniques were used to show that L2 interaction with DNA did not require specific DNA sequences. We propose that HPV L2 protein may play a major role in papillomavirus capsid assembly by introducing HPV DNA to the virus particles formed by the self assembly of the L1 major structural protein

A Fractal Model for the Maximum Droplet Diameter in Gas-Liquid Mist Flow

Distribution characteristics of liquid droplet size are described using the fractal theory for liquid droplet size distribution in gas-liquid mist flow. Thereby, the fractal expression of the maximum droplet diameter is derived. The fractal model for maximum droplet diameter is obtained based on the internal relationship between maximum droplet diameter and the droplet fractal dimension, which is obtained by analyzing the balance between total droplet surface energy and total gas turbulent kinetic energy. Fractal model predictions of maximum droplet diameter agree with the experimental data. Maximum droplet diameter and droplet fractal dimension are both found to be related to the superficial velocity of gas and liquid. Maximum droplet diameter decreases with an increase in gas superficial velocity but increases with an increase in liquid superficial velocity. Droplet fractal dimension increases with an increase in gas superficial velocity but decreases with an increase in liquid superficial velocity. These are all consistent with the physical facts