Is histogram manipulation always beneficial when trying to improve model performance across devices? Experiments using a Meibomian gland segmentation model

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is caused by abnormalities of the meibomian glands (MG) and is one of the causes of evaporative dry eye (DED). Precise MG segmentation is crucial for MGD-related DED diagnosis because the morphological parameters of MG are of importance. Deep learning has achieved state-of-the-art performance in medical image segmentation tasks, especially when training and test data come from the same distribution. But in practice, MG images can be acquired from different devices or hospitals. When testing image data from different distributions, deep learning models that have been trained on a specific distribution are prone to poor performance. Histogram specification (HS) has been reported as an effective method for contrast enhancement and improving model performance on images of different modalities. Additionally, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) will be used as a preprocessing method to enhance the contrast of MG images. In this study, we developed and evaluated the automatic segmentation method of the eyelid area and the MG area based on CNN and automatically calculated MG loss rate. This method is evaluated in the internal and external testing sets from two meibography devices. In addition, to assess whether HS and CLAHE improve segmentation results, we trained the network model using images from one device (internal testing set) and tested on images from another device (external testing set). High DSC (0.84 for MG region, 0.92 for eyelid region) for the internal test set was obtained, while for the external testing set, lower DSC (0.69–0.71 for MG region, 0.89–0.91 for eyelid region) was obtained. Also, HS and CLAHE were reported to have no statistical improvement in the segmentation results of MG in this experiment

DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION OF A BIDIRECTIONAL NETWORK COMMUNICATION LINK IN CIVIL AIRCRAFT FLIGHT TEST USING MODIFIED LTE AIR-TO-GROUND SYSTEM

This paper mainly describes a preliminary trial implementation of a bidirectional network communication link for aircraft range flight test application based on modified LTE Air-to-Ground systems. The theoretical feasibility of this trial which integrated the existing on-board network-based acquisition system installed on our regional jet and a newly designed modified LTE Air-to-Ground communication system was carefully analysed and validated before system level ground experiments. Finally, several test flights were performed within a specific airspace with two eNodeBs, which configured as an independent LTE network and covered most of the designed flight path, and the test results give us the conclusion that under the promise of deploying reliable ground base stations, LTE system has the potential capability to provide acceptable bandwidth and time delay performance for range flight test application.International Foundation for TelemeteringProceedings from the International Telemetering Conference are made available by the International Foundation for Telemetering and the University of Arizona Libraries. Visit http://www.telemetry.org/index.php/contact-us if you have questions about items in this collection

Token-passing systems with batch arrivals and their application to multimedia file transfer over token-ring LAN's

Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM31041-1049PINF

Co-Evaluation of Plant Leaf Nutrient Concentrations and Resorption in Response to Fertilization under Different Nutrient-Limited Conditions

Plant leaf nutrient concentrations and resorption are sensitive to fertilization, yet their co-responses under different nutrient-limited conditions have not been well studied. We conducted a meta-analysis from a global dataset of 43 reports, including 130 observations of studies with plant leaf nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) concentrations and nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) or phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE), in response to fertilization under different nutrient-limited conditions divided by the thresholds of leaf N:P ratio values of 10 and 20. The results showed that N fertilization generally increased leaf N concentration and decreased NRE, with greater magnitudes under N-limited conditions. P fertilization also generally increased leaf P concentration and decreased PRE, with greater magnitudes under P-limited conditions. N fertilization decreased leaf P concentration and increased PRE only under the N-limited condition. Under the P-limited or N and P co-limited conditions, however, N fertilization increased leaf P concentration and did not change PRE. Moreover, P fertilization did not change leaf N concentration under all nutrient-limited conditions but significantly increased NRE under the N-limited or N and P co-limited conditions. These findings suggest that plants cope with fertilization-induced N limitation vs. P limitation at the leaf level with different nutrient-use strategies

Co-Evaluation of Plant Leaf Nutrient Concentrations and Resorption in Response to Fertilization under Different Nutrient-Limited Conditions

Plant leaf nutrient concentrations and resorption are sensitive to fertilization, yet their co-responses under different nutrient-limited conditions have not been well studied. We conducted a meta-analysis from a global dataset of 43 reports, including 130 observations of studies with plant leaf nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) concentrations and nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) or phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE), in response to fertilization under different nutrient-limited conditions divided by the thresholds of leaf N:P ratio values of 10 and 20. The results showed that N fertilization generally increased leaf N concentration and decreased NRE, with greater magnitudes under N-limited conditions. P fertilization also generally increased leaf P concentration and decreased PRE, with greater magnitudes under P-limited conditions. N fertilization decreased leaf P concentration and increased PRE only under the N-limited condition. Under the P-limited or N and P co-limited conditions, however, N fertilization increased leaf P concentration and did not change PRE. Moreover, P fertilization did not change leaf N concentration under all nutrient-limited conditions but significantly increased NRE under the N-limited or N and P co-limited conditions. These findings suggest that plants cope with fertilization-induced N limitation vs. P limitation at the leaf level with different nutrient-use strategies