Aberrant regulation of FBW7 in cancer

FBW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7) or Fbxw7 is a tumor suppressor, which promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of numerous oncoproteins including Mcl-1, Cyclin E, Notch, c- Jun, and c-Myc. In turn, FBW7 is regulated by multiple upstream factors including p53, C/EBP-δ, EBP2, Pin1, Hes-5 and Numb4 as well as by microRNAs such as miR-223, miR-27a, miR-25, and miR-129-5p. Given that the Fbw7 tumor suppressor is frequently inactivated or deleted in various human cancers, targeting FBW7 regulators is a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy

Saliency-Enabled Coding Unit Partitioning and Quantization Control for Versatile Video Coding

The latest video coding standard, versatile video coding (VVC), has greatly improved coding efficiency over its predecessor standard high efficiency video coding (HEVC), but at the expense of sharply increased complexity. In the context of perceptual video coding (PVC), the visual saliency model that utilizes the characteristics of the human visual system to improve coding efficiency has become a reliable method due to advances in computer performance and visual algorithms. In this paper, a novel VVC optimization scheme compliant PVC framework is proposed, which consists of fast coding unit (CU) partition algorithm and quantization control algorithm. Firstly, based on the visual saliency model, we proposed a fast CU division scheme, including the redetermination of the CU division depth by calculating Scharr operator and variance, as well as the executive decision for intra sub-partitions (ISP), to reduce the coding complexity. Secondly, a quantization control algorithm is proposed by adjusting the quantization parameter based on multi-level classification of saliency values at the CU level to reduce the bitrate. In comparison with the reference model, experimental results indicate that the proposed method can reduce about 47.19% computational complexity and achieve a bitrate saving of 3.68% on average. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm has reasonable peak signal-to-noise ratio losses and nearly the same subjective perceptual quality

Debranching abdominal aortic hybrid surgery for aortic diseases involving the visceral arteries

ObjectiveAortic diseases involving branches of the visceral arteries mainly include thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA), aortic dissection (AD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The focus of treatment is to reconstruct the splanchnic arteries and restore blood supply to the organs. Commonly used methods include thoracoabdominal aortic replacement, thoracic endovascular aortic repair and hybrid approaches. Hybrid surgery for aortic disease involving the visceral arteries, consisting of visceral aortic debranching with retrograde revascularization of the celiac trunk and renal arteries and using stent grafts, has been previously described and may be considered particularly appealing in high-risk patients. This study retrospectively analyzed recorded data of patients and contrasted the outcomes with those of a similar group of patients who underwent conventional open repair surgery.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2022, 72 patients (52 men) with an average age of 61.57 ± 8.66 years (range, 36–79 years) underwent one-stage debranching abdominal aortic hybrid surgery. These patients, the hybrid group, underwent preoperative Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) and had been diagnosed with aortic disease (aneurysm or dissection) involving the visceral arteries and were at high risk for open repair. The criteria used to define these patients as high-risk group who are in the need of hybrid treatment were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 or 4. In all cases, we accomplished total visceral aortic debranching through a previous visceral artery retrograde revascularization with synthetic grafts (customized Y or four-bifurcated grafts), and aortic endovascular repair with one of two different commercially produced stent grafts (Medtronic® and Lifetech®). In some cases, we chose to connect the renal artery to the artificial vessel with a stent graft (Viabahn) and partly or totally anastomosed. We analyzed the results and compared the outcomes of the hybrid group with those of a similar group of 46 patients (36 men) with an average age 54.15 ± 12.12 years (range, 32–76). These 46 patients, the conventional open group, were selected for having had thoracoabdominal aortic replacement between 2019 and 2022.ResultsIn the hybrid group, 72 visceral bypasses were completed, and endovascular repair was successful in all cases. No intraoperative deaths occurred. Perioperative mortality was 2.78%, and perioperative morbidity was 9.72% (renal insufficiency in 1, unilateral renal infarction in 5, Intestinal ischemia in 1). At 1-month postoperative CTA showed 2 endoleaks, one of which was intervened. At follow-up, there were unplanned reoperation rate of 4.29% and 5 (7.14%) deaths. The remaining patients’ grafts were patent at postoperative CTA and no endoleak or stent graft migration had occurred. In the conventional open group, 1 died intraoperatively, 4 died perioperatively, perioperative mortality was 10.87% and complications were respiratory failure in 5, intestinal paralysis/necrosis in 4, renal insufficiency in 17, and paraplegia in 2. At follow-up, 5 (12.20%) patients presented with synthetic grafts hematoma 4 (9.76%) patient died, and 6 (14.63%) patients required unplanned reoperation intervention.ConclusionHybrid surgery is technically feasible in selected cases. For aortic diseases involving the visceral arteries, the application of hybrid abdominal aorta debranching can simplify the operation process, decrease the risks of mortality and morbidity in high-risk and high-age populations and decrease the incidence of various complications while achieving ideal early clinical efficacy. However, a larger series is required for valid statistical comparisons, and longer follow-ups are necessary to evaluate the long-term efficacy of hybrid surgery

Low-complexity enhancement VVC encoder for vehicular networks

Abstract In intelligent transportation systems, real-time video streaming via vehicle networks has been seen as a vital difficulty. The goal of this paper is to decrease the computational complexity of the versatile video coding (VVC) encoder for VANETs. In this paper, a low-complexity enhancement VVC encoder is designed for vehicular communication. First, a fast coding unit (CU) partitioning scheme based on CU texture features is proposed in VVC, which aims to decide the final type of CU partition by calculating CU texture complexity and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Second, to reduce the number of candidate prediction mode types in advance, a fast chroma intra-prediction mode optimization technique based on CU texture complexity aims to combine intra-prediction mode features. Moreover, the simulation outcomes demonstrate that the overall approach may substantially reduce encoding time, while the loss of coding efficiency is reasonably low. The encoding time can be reduced by up to 53.29% when compared to the VVC reference model, although the average BD rate is only raised by 1.26%. The suggested VVC encoder is also hardware-friendly and has a minimal level of complexity for video encoders used in connected vehicle applications

New Approach for Vibration Suppression through Restrictors on Towering Steel Columns with Supporting Frame

Towering steel column with supporting frame is a typical equipment in chemical process engineering. Here, displacement restrictors are proposed to restrict the displacement of the towering and slender equipment while making the column to be structurally nonlinear and statically indeterminate. This study investigated on along-wind and cross-wind vibration characteristics of such equipment with the restrictors experimentally and numerically. A field test is carried out to measure the natural frequency and damping ratio of the 42.5-meter-high equipment vibrating in the wind, which is the prototype of the experimental model. A noncontact excitation system was applied on the experimental model to simulate the wind loads. The displacements and strains of the experimental model are collected under different frame types by changing the heights of displacement restrictors. The numerical simulation and experimental results showed that the height of displacement restrictors has a great influence on the vibration intensity of the equipment. An optimum location, recommended as about 40% of the height, could decrease the vibration intensity and enhance the safety of the equipment. Based on the results, a simplified formula in which the natural frequency and the damping ratio dominate the dynamic behavior of along-wind and cross-wind vibration, respectively, is derived from multi-degrees-of-freedom system. It could be furtherly utilized to predict the amplitude ratio of two structures and select a better design featuring an efficient vibration suppression performance. This work presents an important design guide to the frame-supporting towering process equipment and is of great significance to an economical and safety design

Bioactive zwitterionic polymer brushes grafted from silicon wafers via SI-ATRP for enhancement of antifouling properties and endothelial cell selectivity

<p>Zwitterionic copolymers keep good resistance to platelet adhesion and nonspecific protein adsorption. In this study, A block copolymer brushes consisting of carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were grafted from silicon wafers via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, and then the Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) peptide was attached to the polymer brush via an reactive epoxy group of the P(GMA) unit to improve endothelial cells (ECs) selectivity. These modified surfaces were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and static water contact angle measurement. The results showed that REDV-modified zwitterionic brushes were successfully constructed on silicon wafers. The biocompatibility of the membrane was determined by plasma recalcification time assay and platelet adhesion test. The results showed that the modified substrate exhibited good blood compatibility. Moreover, the proliferation of ECs and smooth muscle cells onto the REDV-modified copolymer brushes were examined to demonstrate the synergistic effect of CBMA with antifouling property and REDV peptide with ECs selectivity. All assays showed that the silicon wafers displayed excellent EC selectivity after modification. In summary, REDV-modified zwitterionic brushes had great potential for cardiovascular stent implantation.</p

A liver-X-receptor ligand, T0901317, attenuates IgE production and airway remodeling in chronic asthma model of mice.

The liver-X-receptors have shown anti-inflammatory ability in several animal models of respiratory disease. Our purpose is to investigate the effect of LXR ligand in allergen-induced airway remodeling in mice. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were chronically challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin for 8 weeks. Some mice were administered a LXR agonist, T0901317 (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg bodyweight) before challenge. Then mice were evaluated for airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. T0901317 failed to attenuate the inflammatory cells and Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. But the application of T0901317 reduced the thickness of airway smooth muscle and the collagen deposition. Meanwhile, T0901317 treatment evidently abolished the high level of OVA-specific IgE, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in lung. So LXRs may attenuate the progressing of airway remodeling, providing a potential treatment of asthma

The Role of Exercise in Maintaining Mitochondrial Proteostasis in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease and has serious health and socio-economic consequences. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the onset and progression of PD, and the use of mitochondria as a target for PD therapy has been gaining traction in terms of both recognition and application. The disruption of mitochondrial proteostasis in the brain tissue of PD patients leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which manifests as mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitophagy, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Physical exercise is important for the maintenance of human health, and has the great advantage of being a non-pharmacological therapy that is non-toxic, low-cost, and universally applicable. In this review, we investigate the relationships between exercise, mitochondrial proteostasis, and PD and explore the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial proteostasis in delaying PD through exercise