China’s 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment: From basic research to industry perspective

The construction of the future energy structure of China under the 2050 carbon-neutral vision requires compact direct current (DC) gas-insulation equipment as important nodes and solutions to support electric power transmission and distribution of long-distance and large-capacity. This paper reviews China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment. Important progresses in basic research and industry perspective are presented, with related scientific issues and technical bottlenecks being discussed. The progress in DC gas-insulated equipment worldwide (Europe, Japan, America) is also reported briefly

A Ratiometric Organic Fluorescent Nanogel Thermometer for Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensing

Sensing temperature in biological systems is of great importance, as it is constructive to understanding various physiological and pathological processes. However, the realization of highly sensitive temperature sensing with organic fluorescent nanothermometers remains challenging. In this study, we report a ratiometric fluorescent nanogel thermometer and study its application in the determination of bactericidal temperature. The nanogel is composed of a polarity-sensitive aggregation-induced emission luminogen with dual emissions, a thermoresponsive polymer with a phase transition function, and an ionic surface with net positive charges. During temperature-induced phase transition, the nanogel exhibits a reversible and sensitive spectral change between a red-emissive state and a blue-emissive state by responding to the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic change in the local environment. The correlation between the emission intensity ratio of the two states and the external temperature is delicately established, and the maximum relative thermal sensitivities of the optimal nanogel are determined to be 128.42 and 68.39% °C−1 in water and a simulated physiological environment, respectively. The nanogel is further applied to indicate the bactericidal temperature in both visual and ratiometric ways, holding great promise in the rapid prediction of photothermal antibacterial effects and other temperature-related biological events

Mycena (sect. Calodontes) Quel 1872

Key to species of sect. Calodontes known worldwide 1. Basidiospores inamyloid....................................................................................................................................................................2 1. Basidiospores amyloid........................................................................................................................................................................5 2. Pileipellis not gelatinized........................................................................................................................................... Mycena vinacea 2. Pileipellis gelatinized..........................................................................................................................................................................3 3. Caulocystidia absent.............................................................................................................................................. Mycena sirayuktha 3. Caulocystidia present..........................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Stipitipellis with sparse nodules........................................................................................................................ Mycena subcorticalis 4. Stipitipellis smooth............................................................................................................................................. Mycena pearsoniana 5. Pileus without purple tint....................................................................................................................................................................6 5. Pileus with purple tint.........................................................................................................................................................................8 6. Q> 1.7............................................................................................................................................................. Mycena luteovariegata 6. Q <1.7................................................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Caulocystidia with apical excrescences.................................................................................................................. Mycena clarkeana 7. Caulocystidia smooth..................................................................................................................................... Mycena nullawarrensis 8. Pileus and stipe pink...................................................................................................................................................... Mycena rosea 8. Pileus and stipe purple or purplish brown..........................................................................................................................................9 9. Pleurocystidia present.......................................................................................................................................................................10 9. Pleurocystidia scarce or absent.........................................................................................................................................................13 10. Lamellae edge with dark purplish brown dots.................................................................................................................................11 10. Lamellae without dots......................................................................................................................................................................12 11. Basidiospores almost less than 4 μm broad.......................................................................................................... Mycena pelianthina 11. Basidiospores almost more than 4 μm broad........................................................................................................ Mycena lammiensis 12. Cheilocystidia occurring mixed with basidia................................................................................................................. Mycena dura 12. Cheilocystidia not occurring mixed with basidia........................................................................................................... Mycena pura 13. Lamellae adnexed, dark brownish violet to reddish violet......................................................................................... Mycena diosma 13. Lamellae emarginate, white...................................................................................................................................... Mycena yuezhuoiPublished as part of Liu, Zewei, Na, Qin, Cheng, Xianhao, Wu, Xiaoming & Ge, Yupeng, 2021, Mycena yuezhuoi sp. nov. (Mycenaceae, Agaricales), a purple species from the peninsula areas of China, pp. 148-162 in Phytotaxa 511 (2) on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/542657

Optimal Design and Planning for Compact Automated Parking Systems

International audienceCompact automated parking (CAP) systems are fully automated parking systems, which store cars densely. Such systems are mainly used in congested cities all over the world, providing rapid parking access and safe vehicle storage. We study a prominent new technology, with relatively low cost and rapid response. The system has a rotating ring equipped with shuttles in each tier for horizontal transport, and uses two lifts in the middle of the CAP system for vertical transport. We present a dedicated lift operating policy under which it uses one lift for storage and another for retrieval, and a general operating policy under which it uses both lifts for storage and retrieval. We propose queuing networks for single-tier and multi-tier systems based on two different policies for operating the lifts (a dedicated and general operating policy). We validate the analytical models using simulation based on a real application. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis in which we vary speeds of lifts and car rotation. Then we use the analytical models to optimize the system layout by minimizing the retrieval time. Furthermore, combining time efficiency and system cost, we find an appropriate system layout for designers. Third, we compare two lifts under dedicated and general operating policies. Forth, we find the optimal number of the lifts through a general compact automated parking system. Finally, we calculate the investment cost of a CAP system under different system configurations and compare it with an alternative design: a cubic parking system.<br/

The levels of urine CTX-II, C2C, and PYD in children patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Qinghai Province of China

Abstract Background Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic and chronic osteoarthropathy. At present, the diagnosis of KBD mainly depends on the X-ray examination and which could not reflect early damage of cartilage sensitively. So, the aim of this study was to find effective and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of pediatric KBD. Methods A total of 122 children aged 7–15 years old from 3 villages of Qinghai Province were eligible for the study. Thirty-one, 41, and 50 children were assigned in case, internal, and external control groups, respectively. The levels of CTX-II, C2C, and PYD in urine were measured by using ELISA and compared statistically. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of diagnostic biomarkers. Results There were significant differences in levels of CTX-II, C2C, and PYD in urine of subjects among three groups. The levels of CTX-II and PYD in the case group were significantly higher than those in external and internal control groups. On the contrary, the level of C2C in the case group was lower than that in the external control group. Compared to the external control group, the area under the curve (AUC) of CTX-II, C2C, and PYD were 0.857, 0.837, and 0.79, and the AUC of CTX-II significantly higher than that of PYD. Compared to the internal control group, the AUC of CTX-II, C2C, and PYD were 0.911, 0.875, and 0.839, and there were no significant differences in the AUC among three indicators. Conclusion Both CTX-II and PYD in urine could be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of pediatric KBD, and the prediction accuracy of CTX-II was relatively superior

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Intelligent Reflecting Surface for Cooperative Jamming Model Design

Owing to the nature of wireless channels, wireless transmission is vulnerable to attacks by adversaries; therefore, security has always been a critical issue in wireless networks. In this context, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), as an emerging and promising technology, synergize with physical layer security (PLS), offering novel avenues to enhance privacy and resistance against interference in wireless communication. This paper investigates a cooperative jamming communication model assisted by IRS. Under the constraints of minimum safe rate and inaccurate channel state information (CSI), a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based framework is proposed to jointly optimize the BS transmitting beamforming power distribution and IRS phase shift matrix to maximize the system energy efficiency. We first formulate an anti-jamming communication optimization problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) framework and then design a DRL-based algorithm, in which the joint design is obtained through trial-and-error interactions with the environment by observing predefined rewards in the context of continuous state and action to generate an optimal policy. The simulation results show that when the number of IRS components is increased from 20 to 100, the proposed scheme can improve energy efficiency by 40.1&#x0025;, which is better than other schemes

Optimization of Extraction Process and the Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics from Sanghuangporus baumii

Sanghuangporus baumii, is a widely used medicinal fungus. The polyphenols extracted from this fungus exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. In this study, polyphenols from the fruiting bodies of S. baumii were obtained using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction method. The factors affecting the extraction yield were investigated at different conditions. Based on the results from single-factor experiments, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The scavenging ability of the polyphenols on •OH, DPPH, and ABTS+ was determined. The results showed that the DES system composed of choline chloride and malic acid had the best extraction yield (6.37 mg/g). The optimal extraction parameters for response surface methodology were as follows: 42 min, 58 ℃, 1:34 solid–liquid (mg/mL), and water content of 39%. Under these conditions, the yield of polyphenols was the highest (12.58 mg/g). At 0.30 mg/mL, the scavenging ability of the polyphenols on •OH, DPPH, and ABTS+ was 95.71%, 91.08%, and 85.52%, respectively. Thus, the method using DES was more effective than the conventional method of extracting phenolic compounds from the fruiting bodies of S. baumii. Moreover, the extracted polyphenols exhibited potent antioxidant activity

Detection of Multiple Phase Space Overdensities of GSE Stars by Orbit Integration

In N -body simulations, nearly radial mergers can form shell-like overdensities in the sky position and phase space ( r − v _r ) due to the combination of dynamical friction and tidal stripping. The merger event of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) has provided a unique opportunity to study the shells in the phase space. To search for them, we integrate the orbits of 5949 GSE-related halo K giants from the LAMOST survey and record their positions at all time intervals in the r − v _r diagram. After the subtraction of a smoothed background, we find six significant and complete thin chevron-like overdensities. The apocenters r _apo of stars in the six chevrons are around 6.75, 12.75, 18.75, 25.25, 27.25, and 30.25 kpc. These chevrons reveal the multiple pileups of GSE stars at different apocenters. The application of a different Milky Way mass M _vir will change the opening angles of these chevrons, while leaving their apocenters almost unchanged. By comparing with a recent study of the phase space overdensities of local halo stars from the Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrometer survey, our results are more inclined to a medium M _vir of 10 ^12 M _⊙ . The application of a nonaxisymmetric Galactic potential with a steadily rotating bar has a blurring effect on the appearance of these chevron-like overdensities, especially for the chevrons with r _apo > 20 kpc

Long-term effects of rewetting and drought on GPP in a temperate peatland based on satellite remote sensing data

Rewetting previously drained peatlands restores the critical function of peatlands as long-term carbon storages and sinks currently threatened by climate change and additional human-induced disturbances. Understanding and projecting the restoration process by rewetting, however, currently face a pressing challenge, the lack of consistent and gap-free records of important carbon cycling indicators of peatlands such as the gross primary production (GPP) over long term. In this study, we reconstructed the GPP in a rewetted peatland called Zarnekow (Fluxnet-ID: DE-Zrk) in Germany from 2000 to 2020 by combining long-term satellite observations and limited-term tower-based eddy covariance (EC) measurements based on Random Forest regression models. The R2 between the reconstructed data and EC data was 0.6. The reasonable reconstruction of long-term GPP enabled trend analysis that identified two distinct periods of decreasing/increasing in GPP due to rewetting and droughts. Rewetting in the winter of 2004 and 2005 stabilized GPP after a decreasing period. A drought in 2018 significantly increased GPP, and GPP re-mained high over the following two years. Furthermore, the month-specific trends show significant seasonality at this site, specifically, an increasing trend over the 21 years in the growing-season months of June to August and a decreas-ing trend in the other months. The most important variables for satellite-based estimates of GPP at this site include total evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, enhanced vegetation index and near-infrared reflectance vegetation index. Long-term analyses of carbon fluxes through the combination of satellite observations and EC measurements provide crucial insights into the restoration of carbon sequestration functions in rewetted peatlands.Peer reviewe

Revealing Brownish <i>Mycena</i> Diversity in China: New Discoveries and Taxonomic Insights

Within the genus Mycena, species exhibiting brownish basidiomata present considerable challenges in identification due to similar coloration. This study underscores the significance of pileipellis types and cheilocystidia characteristics as critical in delimiting brownish Mycena species. To clarify the principal taxonomic characters and their utility in distinguishing between brownish Mycena species, a morphological taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Five new species from China were introduced and characterized through a comprehensive morphological anatomy and phylogenetic substantiation: M. campanulatihemisphaerica sp. nov., M. digitifurcata sp. nov., M. kunyuensis sp. nov., M. limitis sp. nov., and M. oryzifluens sp. nov. Discussions of these taxa are supplemented with morphological illustrations. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods based on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA. With the addition of these five new species, the worldwide count of brownish Mycena increases to 94, and a key to the 29 known species of brownish Mycena from China is presented