Analytical Evaluation of Coverage-Oriented Femtocell Network Deployment

This paper proposes a coverage-oriented femtocell network deployment scheme, in which the femtocell base stations (BSs) can decide whether to be active or inactive depending on their distances from the macrocell BSs. Specifically, as the areas close to the macrocell BSs already have satisfactory cellular coverage, the femtocell BSs located inside such areas are kept to be inactive. Thus, all the active femtocells are located in the poor macrocell coverage areas. Based on a stochastic geometric framework, the coverage probability can be analyzed with tractable results. Surprisingly, the results show that the proposed scheme, although with a lower defacto femtocell density, can achieve better coverage performance than that keeping all femtocells in the entire network to be active. The analytical results further identify the achievable optimal performance of the new scheme, which provides mobile operators a guideline for femtocell deployment and operation.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, published in IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'13

Analytical evaluation of coverage-oriented femtocell network deployment

This paper proposes a coverage-oriented femtocell network deployment scheme, in which the femtocell base stations (BSs) can decide whether to be active or inactive depending on their distances from the macrocell BSs. Specifically, as the areas close to the macrocell BSs already have satisfactory cellular coverage, the femtocell BSs located inside such areas are kept to be inactive. Thus, all the active femtocells are located in the poor macrocell coverage areas. Based on a stochastic geometric framework, the coverage probability can be analyzed with tractable results. Surprisingly, the results show that the proposed scheme, although with a lower defacto femtocell density, can achieve better coverage performance than that keeping all femtocells in the entire network to be active. The analytical results further identify the achievable optimal performance of the new scheme, which provides mobile operators a guideline for femtocell deployment and operation.H. Wang is with the Australian National University and NICTA. NICTA is funded by the Australian Government as represented by the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program. This work was supported by the Australian Research Councils Discovery Projects funding scheme (Project No. DP110102548 and Project No. DP130101760)

Physical layer security in cellular networks: a stochastic geometry approach

This paper studies the information-theoretic secrecy performance in large-scale cellular networks based on a stochastic geometry framework. The locations of both base stations and mobile users are modeled as independent two-dimensional Poisson point processes. We consider two important features of cellular networks, namely, information exchange between base stations and cell association, to characterize their impact on the achievable secrecy rate of an arbitrary downlink transmission with a certain portion of the mobile users acting as potential eavesdroppers. In particular, tractable results are presented under diverse assumptions on the availability of eavesdroppers' location information at the serving base station, which captures the benefit from the exchange of the location information between base stations.This work was supported by National ICT Australia (NICTA), and the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme (Project No. DP110102548 and DP130101760). NICTA is funded by the Australian Government as represented by the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program

Construction of a camelid VHH yeast two-hybrid library and the selection of VHH against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the Newcastle disease virus

Humoral immune response after immunization. Sera from IIama was collected, two-fold diluted and tested by HI using LaSota as antigen. Figure S1 Amplification of VHH through a nested PCR. (A) First round PCR to separate VH from VHH. The upper 900 bp bands represent the VH-CH1-Hinge-CH2 of conventional Abs (lane 1–8). The lower 600 bp bands represent the VHH-Hinge-CH2 of HCAbs (lane 1–8). (B) VHH amplified through nested PCR using 600 bp fragment recovered from first round PCR as template (lane 1–4). M in A and B was the DL2000 DNA marker. C in A and B represent the negative control. Figure S2 PCR identification of inserted VHH. 47 clones were randomly picked to determine the library functional diversity by PCR using universal primers T7 and 3’AD (Table 1). Meanwhile, Sterile water was used as negative controls. 45 clones have amplified the 500 bp VHH fragments (lane 1–47), while negative templates control haven’t amplified any bands (lane C). M indicated the DL2000 DNA marker. Figure S3 Detection of library capacity and library titer. (A) 10-3 dilution plating of the transformed cells calculated a library capacity of 1.25 × 107 independent clones. (B) 10-5 dilution plating of the cultured library indicated a library titer of 3.45 × 108 cfu/mL. Figure S4 Deduced amino acid aligment of 10 random picked VHH. Deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed according to the Kabat numbering. Differences in the sequences are pinked, and the dash represent the missing sequences. Two hallmark Cys residues are labeled by the thick-line boxes. The four conservative hallmark residues of VHH in FR2 are labeled by the dotted line boxes. Figure S5 pGBKT7-HN bait plasmid construction. (A) PCR was carried out to amplify a truncate HN gene (without transmembrane region) from La Sota strain. M, 5000 DNA marker. 1, Truncate HN. C, Negative control. (B) A truncate HN was cloned into pGBKT7 through BamH I and Sal I. M, 5000 DNA marker. 1, Double restriction enzyme digestion of pGBKT7-HN. Figure S6 pHSIE-VHH plasmid construction. (A) 7 positive VHH fragment were amplified from recovered positive clones containing pGADT7-VHH by PCR. M, 5000 DNA marker. 1–7, VHH 1–7. C, Negative control. (B) Double restriction enzyme digestion of pHSIE-VHHs. M, 5000 DNA marker. 1–7, pHSIE-VHH 1–7. Figure S7 Western blot analysis of bait protein expression. 2 mL of Y2HGold(pGBKT7-HN) culture liquid was extracted using yeast protein extraction reagent (Takara). c-Myc tag monoclonal antibody (1:4000 dilution) was used as first antibody and HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody (1:5000) was used as second antibody. The immunoreactive was visualized with cECL Plus Western blotting detection reagent (CWBIO). (DOC 1129 kb

Density pertubation of unparticle dark matter in the flat Universe

The unparticle has been suggested as a candidate of dark matter. We investigated the growth rate of the density perturbation for the unparticle dark matter in the flat Universe. First, we consider the model in which unparticle is the sole dark matter and find that the growth factor can be approximated well by $f=(1+3\omega_u)\Omega^{\gamma}_u$, where $\omega_u$ is the equation of state of unparticle. Our results show that the presence of $\omega_u$ modifies the behavior of the growth factor $f$. For the second model where unparticle co-exists with cold dark matter, the growth factor has a new approximation $f=(1+3\omega_u)\Omega^{\gamma}_u+\alpha \Omega_m$ and $\alpha$ is a function of $\omega_u$. Thus the growth factor of unparticle is quite different from that of usual dark matter. These information can help us know more about unparticle and the early evolution of the Universe.Comment: 6pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.

Stability of Linear Set-Membership Filters With Respect to Initial Conditions: An Observation-Information Perspective

The issue of filter stability with respect to (w.r.t.) the initial condition refers to the unreliable filtering process caused by improper prior information of the initial state. This paper focuses on analyzing and resolving the stability issue w.r.t. the initial condition of the classical Set-Membership Filters (SMFs) for linear time-invariance systems, which has not yet been well understood in the literature. To this end, we propose a new concept -- the Observation-Information Tower (OIT), which describes how the measurements affect the estimate in a set-intersection manner without relying on the initial condition. The proposed OIT enables a rigorous stability analysis, a new SMFing framework, as well as an efficient filtering algorithm. Specifically, based on the OIT, explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for stability w.r.t. the initial condition are provided for the classical SMFing framework. Furthermore, the OIT inspires a stability-guaranteed SMFing framework, which fully handles the stability issue w.r.t. the initial condition. Finally, with the OIT-inspired framework, we develop a fast and stable constrained zonotopic SMF, which significantly overcomes the wrapping effect.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure