Molecular Logic Computation with Debugging Method

Seesaw gate concept, which is based on a reversible DNA strand branch process, has been found to have the potential to be used in the construction of various computing devices. In this study, we consider constructing full adder and serial binary adder, using the new concept of seesaw gate. Our simulation of the full adder preformed properly as designed; however unexpected exception is noted in the simulation of the serial binary adder. To identify and address the exception, we propose a new method for debugging the molecular circuit. The main idea for this method is to add fan-outs to monitor the circuit in a reverse stepwise manner. These fan-outs are fluorescent signals that can obtain the real-time concentration of the target molecule. By analyzing the monitoring result, the exception can be identified and located. In this paper, examples of XOR and serial binary adder circuits are described to prove the practicability and validity of the molecular circuit debugging method

ROME: Robustifying Memory-Efficient NAS via Topology Disentanglement and Gradients Accumulation

Single-path based differentiable neural architecture search has great strengths for its low computational cost and memory-friendly nature. However, we surprisingly discover that it suffers from severe searching instability which has been primarily ignored, posing a potential weakness for a wider application. In this paper, we delve into its performance collapse issue and propose a new algorithm called RObustifying Memory-Efficient NAS (ROME). Specifically, 1) for consistent topology in the search and evaluation stage, we involve separate parameters to disentangle the topology from the operations of the architecture. In such a way, we can independently sample connections and operations without interference; 2) to discount sampling unfairness and variance, we enforce fair sampling for weight update and apply a gradient accumulation mechanism for architecture parameters. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method has strong performance and robustness, where it mostly achieves state-of-the-art results on a large number of standard benchmarks.Comment: Observe new collapse in memory efficient NAS and address it using ROM

Empower the Science of Organ Donation by Multidisciplinary Collaboration

Inter-discipline is formed by the interpenetration and integration of multiple disciplines, which has become a notable trend involving interdisciplinary activities and a combination of research and development. Learned from experience worldwide, the management mode for organ donation and procurement activities varies among countries, but the core of the disciplinary construction of organ donation remains the same. The theoretical basis and practice of organ donation is not purely a matter of coordination, but its ground of knowledge is built upon multidisciplinary integration and its implementation relies on a joint-effort approach and requires collaboration of multiple teams. From the sociological viewpoint, organ donation represents the gift of life for transplant patients, which founds the key element in enhancing the harmony of society. While, from a practical perspective, its professionalism has been widely recognized by the international medical community. As a complex medical and social act, organ donation is a medical-centered subject with sociological, humanistic, ethical, psychologic, and juristic attributes. This chapter will provide an overview of how multidisciplinary collaboration empowers the science of organ donation, followed by the summary of recent efforts taken in China in pursuit of this goal as an example

Horizontal structure of convergent wind shear associated with sporadic E layers over East Asia

At present, the main detection instruments for observing sporadic E (Es) layers are ground-based radars, dense networks of ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, and GNSS radio occultation, but they cannot capture the whole picture of the horizontal structure of Es layers. This study employs the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension model (WACCM-X 2.1) to derive the horizontal structure of the ion convergence region (HSICR) to explore the shapes of the large-scale Es layers over East Asia for the period from June 1 to August 31, 2008. The simulation produced the various shapes of the HSICRs elongated in the northwest−southeast, northeast−southwest, or composed of individual small patches. The close connection between Es layer critical frequency (foEs) and vertical ion convergence indicates that the HSICR is a good candidate for revealing and explaining the horizontal structure of the large-scale Es layers