N-Phenyl-N-{4-[5-(4-pyrid­yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phen­yl}aniline

The title compound, C25H18N4O, is a non-planar bipolar ligand containing triphenyl­amine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole units. In the mol­ecule, the benzene ring, the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, and the pyridine ring are twisted slightly with respect to each other [dihedral angle between the benzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings = 9.4 (4) and between the 1,3,4-oxadiazole and pyridine rings = 3.0 (4)°]. Moreover, the dihedral angles between the two phenyl rings and the benzene ring are 88.2 (4) and 113.3 (4)°, and that between the two phenyl rings is 67.9 (4)°. The closest distances between the pyridine ring and the 1,3,4-oxadiazole and benzene rings in adjacent mol­ecules are 3.316 and 3.363 Å, respectively, indicating the existence of π–π inter­actions

Identifying effective multiple spreaders by coloring complex networks

How to identify influential nodes in social networks is of theoretical significance, which relates to how to prevent epidemic spreading or cascading failure, how to accelerate information diffusion, and so on. In this Letter, we make an attempt to find \emph{effective multiple spreaders} in complex networks by generalizing the idea of the coloring problem in graph theory to complex networks. In our method, each node in a network is colored by one kind of color and nodes with the same color are sorted into an independent set. Then, for a given centrality index, the nodes with the highest centrality in an independent set are chosen as multiple spreaders. Comparing this approach with the traditional method, in which nodes with the highest centrality from the \emph{entire} network perspective are chosen, we find that our method is more effective in accelerating the spreading process and maximizing the spreading coverage than the traditional method, no matter in network models or in real social networks. Meanwhile, the low computational complexity of the coloring algorithm guarantees the potential applications of our method.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

STUDY ON THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TOTAL ALKALIODS OF SOPHORA ALOPECUROIDES ON OSTEOSARCOMA CELL GROWTH

Background: Ku Dou Zi is the dried whole plant, roots and seeds of Sophora alopecuroides L. in the genus Sophora of family Leguminosae. The entire plant is bitter in taste, cold in nature, and has the heat clearing, detoxifying, pathogenic wind dispelling dampness, analgesic, and insecticidal effects. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that TASA has pharmacological activities of anti-cancer. The objective of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides (TASA), on osteosarcoma cell growth and its mechanism. Materials and Methods: MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to study the inhibitory effect of TASA on human osteosarcoma cell line OS732. Results: The results showed that the inhibition rates of different concentrations of TASA (1.5, 3, and 4.5g/kg), against human osteosarcoma cell line OS732, were: 18.4%, 27.4% and 52.8%, respectively. Conclusion: TASA has an inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma cell growth

Use of Epinephrine in Patients with Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis: An Analysis of the Beijing Pharmacovigilance Database

Few studies assessing the use of epinephrine in drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) in the hospital setting are available. We utilized the Beijing Pharmacovigilance Database (BPD) to evaluate the appropriateness of epinephrine for DIA management

Exercise intervention improves mitochondrial quality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease zebrafish

IntroductionRecent reports indicate that mitochondrial quality decreases during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, and targeting the mitochondria may be a possible treatment for NAFLD. Exercise can effectively slow NAFLD progression or treat NAFLD. However, the effect of exercise on mitochondrial quality in NAFLD has not yet been established.MethodsIn the present study, we fed zebrafish a high-fat diet to model NAFLD, and subjected the zebrafish to swimming exercise.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, swimming exercise significantly reduced high-fat diet-induced liver injury, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis markers. Swimming exercise improved mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, inducing upregulation of optic atrophy 1(OPA1), dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1), and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) protein expression. Swimming exercise also activated mitochondrial biogenesis via the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ PPARgamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) pathway, and improved the mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, we find that mitophagy was suppressed in NAFLD zebrafish liver with the decreased numbers of mitophagosomes, the inhibition of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) – parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARKIN) pathway and upregulation of sequestosome 1 (P62) expression. Notably, swimming exercise partially recovered number of mitophagosomes, which was associated with upregulated PARKIN expression and decreased p62 expression.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that swimming exercise could alleviate the effects of NAFLD on the mitochondria, suggesting that exercise may be beneficial for treating NAFLD