8,828 research outputs found
Meeting the Kyoto Targets: the importance of developing country participation
This paper investigates the implications of progressively broadening the scope of the market of tradable permits from no emissions trading to full global trading. We start with the no emissions trading case where each Annex I country must individually meet its Kyoto targets. Next, we consider a case where trading of emissions permits is limited to Annex I countries only. We then expand the scope of the market to include all the non-Annex I countries but China. Finally, to investigate the role China plays in bringing down Annex I countries' compliance costs, we further broaden the market to include China into full global trading. Our results clearly demonstrate that the gain of the OECD as a whole increases as the market expands. Our results also show that developing countries themselves benefit from such an expansion too because it not only provides them for additional financial resources, but also helps to cut their baseline carbon emissions by a big margin. By contrast, the former Soviet Union tends to become worse off as the market expands. The potential conflict of interest between the former Soviet Union and developing countries underlines the importance of establishing clear rules of procedure about admitting new entrants before emissions trading begins.
Why has the energy intensity fallen in China's industrial sector in the 1990s?: the relative importance of structural change and intensity change
Hamiltonian lattice quantum chromodynamics at finite density with Wilson fermions
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at sufficiently high density is expected to
undergo a chiral phase transition. Understanding such a transition is of
particular importance for neutron star or quark star physics. In Lagrangian
SU(3) lattice gauge theory, the standard approach breaks down at large chemical
potential , due to the complex action problem. The Hamiltonian formulation
of lattice QCD doesn't encounter such a problem. In a previous work, we
developed a Hamiltonian approach at finite chemical potential and
obtained reasonable results in the strong coupling regime. In this paper, we
extend the previous work to Wilson fermions. We study the chiral behavior and
calculate the vacuum energy, chiral condensate and quark number density, as
well as the masses of light hadrons. There is a first order chiral phase
transition at zero temperature.Comment: 23 pages. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review
Protecting Two-Qubit Quantum States by -Phase Pulses
We study the state decay of two qubits interacted with a common harmonic
oscillator reservoir. There are both decoherence error and the error caused by
the amplitude change of the superradiant state. We show that frequent
-phase pulses can eliminate both typpes of errors therefore protect a
two-qubit odd-parity state more effectively than the frequent measurement
method. This shows that the the methods using dynamical decoupling and the
quantum Zeno effects actually can give rather {\em different} results when the
operation frequency is finite
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