5,337 research outputs found
Why are social network transactions important? Evidence based on the concentration of key suppliers and customers in China
AbstractBased on a new institutional economy framework, this study examines the formation and economic consequences of social networks (guanxi) from the perspective of key suppliers and customers in China. Results show that commercial activities which depend on networks are determined by the institutional environment. For example, companies that have lower accumulated social capital (less trust among people) and are subject to more government invention depend more on social network transactions than on the market. In addition, this study shows that network transactions can provide benefits to firms, especially in weak institutional environments. Networks can reduce transaction costs by reducing information asymmetry, i.e., increased network dependence is associated with lower credit costs and lower advertising and sales costs. Networks can also reduce the effect of industry shocks, especially negative shocks, by creating a bonding mechanism. This study contributes to our understanding of social networks in emerging markets by providing evidence on network transactions with key suppliers and customers and their influence on firms’ accounting behavior
Thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of spin-1 quantum Ising systems with three-spin interactions
The spin-1 quantum Ising systems with three-spin interactions on
two-dimensional triangular lattices are studied by mean-field method. The
thermal variations of order parameters and phase diagrams are investigated in
detail. The stable, metastable and unstable branches of the order parameters
are obtained. According to the stable conditions at critical point, we find
that the systems exhibit tricritical points. With crystal field and biquadratic
interactions, the system has rich phase diagrams with single reentrant or
double reentrant phase transitions for appropriate ranges of the both
parameters.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
IRCI Free Range Reconstruction for SAR Imaging with Arbitrary Length OFDM Pulse
Our previously proposed OFDM with sufficient cyclic prefix (CP) synthetic
aperture radar (SAR) imaging algorithm is inter-range-cell interference (IRCI)
free and achieves ideally zero range sidelobes for range reconstruction. In
this OFDM SAR imaging algorithm, the minimum required CP length is almost equal
to the number of range cells in a swath, while the number of subcarriers of an
OFDM signal needs to be more than the CP length. This makes the length of a
transmitted OFDM sequence at least almost twice of the number of range cells in
a swath and for a wide swath imaging, the transmitted OFDM pulse length becomes
long, which may cause problems in some radar applications. In this paper, we
propose a CP based OFDM SAR imaging with arbitrary pulse length, which has IRCI
free range reconstruction and its pulse length is independent of a swath width.
We then present a novel design method for our proposed arbitrary length OFDM
pulses. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performances of the
OFDM pulse design and the arbitrary pulse length CP based OFDM SAR imaging.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, regular pape
In an Attempt to Introduce Long-range Interactions into Small-world Networks
Distinguishing the long-range bonds with the regular ones, the critical
temperature of the spin-lattice Guassian model built on two typical Small-world
Networks (SWNs) is studied. The results show much difference from the classical
case, and thus may induce some more accurate discussion on the critical
properties of the spin-lattice systems combined with the SWNs.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 18 referenc
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