Modeling and Application of Passenger Transport Network Capacity in New Town Based on Control Indicators

AbstractIn order to reflect the uncertainty of traffic demand and the orienting of planning schemes in new town, a bi-level programming model of passenger transport network capacity is proposed here based on travel choice behavior model. In the model, the objective function is to maximize the road network capacity. The saturation of road sections, the community development intensity and the public transit trip contribution rate are defined as control indicators, among which the interactive control relationships are revealed. Furthermore, a corresponding solution algorithm is also presented. At last, a numeric example is studied to verify the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm. The results show that the model and the algorithm are of highly effective and available in practice

Overcoming cold tumors: a combination strategy of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has advanced significantly in treating malignant tumors, though most ‘cold’ tumors show no response. This resistance mainly arises from the varied immune evasion mechanisms. Hence, understanding the transformation from ‘cold’ to ‘hot’ tumors is essential in developing effective cancer treatments. Furthermore, tumor immune profiling is critical, requiring a range of diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for evaluation. The success of immunotherapy relies on T cells’ ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. In ‘cold’ tumors, the absence of T cell infiltration leads to the ineffectiveness of ICI therapy. Addressing these challenges, especially the impairment in T cell activation and homing, is crucial to enhance ICI therapy’s efficacy. Concurrently, strategies to convert ‘cold’ tumors into ‘hot’ ones, including boosting T cell infiltration and adoptive therapies such as T cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, are under extensive exploration. Thus, identifying key factors that impact tumor T cell infiltration is vital for creating effective treatments targeting ‘cold’ tumors