Comparison of NIH-CPSI, PHQ, PCS and IIEF-5 scores between patients with type IIIA and IIIB CP/CPPS.

<p>Comparison of NIH-CPSI, PHQ, PCS and IIEF-5 scores between patients with type IIIA and IIIB CP/CPPS.</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the influence of UPOINT domains and other factors on ED prevalence in men with CP/CPPS.

<p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the influence of UPOINT domains and other factors on ED prevalence in men with CP/CPPS.</p

Study flowchart for patients enrollment.

<p>Study flowchart for patients enrollment.</p

Differentially expressed miRNAs identified in bone metastasis of prostate cancer compared to primary prostate cancer by miRNA microarray.

<p>*Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs selected as following standards: |Score(d)|≥2, Fold Change≥2 or ≤0.5, q-value(%)≤5.</p

Both of miRs-143 and -145 repressed the development and invasion of PC-3 cells in bone.

<p>Male SCID mice were inoculated with PC-3 cells through the intra-tibial route. Skeletal lesions in radiographs are demonstrated by arrows (upper panel), and histologic analysis was carried by H&E-staining in which tumors were lined out by dashed line and marked as “T” (middle panel, taken under microscope 40×). Lesion scores of control and experimental specimens were shown in lower panels, where results were showed by means ± SEM of each group, <i>p</i> = 0.035 and <i>p</i> = 0.014 respectively.</p

Construction of stable cell lines.

<p><i>A–B,</i> Ectopic expression of miRs-143 or -145 in PC-3 (A) and LNCaP (B) were verified by qRT-PCR (<i>t-test</i>, <i>p</i><0.01).</p

Validation of select miRNAs predicted to be downregulated in prostate cancer.

<p><i>A,</i> The certified result of microarray analysis. <i>B,</i> Real-time RT–PCR assays on miR-143 (left panel), miR-145 (right panel), and miR-125b (bottom panel) in 16 primary prostate cancer and 13 bone metastasis tissues. The order of the tissue samples is the same for all three plots. <i>p</i>-values by <i>t-test</i>.</p

Down-regulation of miRs-143 and -145 is associated with clinicopathological features of primary PCa.

<p><i>A and D,</i> The expression of miRs-143 or -145 in the patients with bone metastases was significantly lower than that without metastases (<i>t-test</i>, <i>p</i> = 0.039, <i>p</i> = 0.041, respectively). <i>B and E,</i> Tumor samples were divided into four groups with approximately equal sample sizes based on level of free PSA. The level of free PSA in patients with the primary tumor is presented on the x axis. The y axis is the mean of miRs-143 or -145 within each group. The bars represent the standard errors. There was a statistically significant Spearman correlation that characterized an inverse relationship between miRs-143 or -145 expression and free PSA (Spearman correlation = −0.501, <i>p</i> = 0.018; Spearman correlation = −0.536, <i>p</i> = 0.010). <i>F,</i> The level of total PSA is also correlated with miR-145 (Spearman correlation = −0.456, <i>p</i> = 0.033). <i>C and G,</i> The Gleason scores of primary tumor group are presented on the x axis. The y axis is the mean of miRs-143 or -145 within each group. The bars represent the standard errors. There was a statistically significant Spearman correlation that characterized an inverse relationship between miRs-143 or -145 expression and the Gleason scores (Spearman correlation = −0.574; <i>p</i> = 0.005; Spearman correlation = −0.546, <i>p</i> = 0.009).</p

Detection of miRs-143 and -145 in primary PCa tissues by ISH.

<p>Sections at upper panel showed the identification of tumor cells and stromal cells by H&E-stainning. Sections at lower panel showed the location of miR-143 (left) and miR-145 (right) in PCa cells by LNA-ISH. Signals of miRs-143 and -145 were in purple blue. Pictures were taken under microscope 200×.</p

miRs-143 and -145 mediates bone metastasis of prostate cancer via regulating the EMT.

<p><i>A–B,</i> The levels of E-Cadherin, Fibronectin and Vimentin were shown in PC-3 (A) and LNCaP (B) cells. α-Tubulin was shown as loading control. <i>C,</i> The phenotype of PC-3 cell lines were photographed under microscope (200×).</p