Content of fatty acids, vitamin E and carotenoids in milk and herbage as affected by sward composition and period of grazing

The quality of organic milk is affected by feed composition, and especially the high use of legumes has been identified as the reason for high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids and tocopherols in organic milk. Four different pastures composed of mainly white clover (WCL), red clover (RCL), lucerne (LUC) or chicory (CIK), respectively, were established to investigate the influence of sward composition on the milk quality of grazing cows. On three occasions during the grazing period (May, June and August), groups of 12 Holstein cows were grazing the pastures for two weeks. About 70% of the daily dry matter intake was pasture, and the remaining dry matter intake was a mixture of oats, hay and minerals (82%, 16%, 2%, respectively). The swards were sampled, and their feed quality as well as their composition of carotenoids, tocopherols and fatty acids was analysed. On each occasion, milk was sampled after two weeks of grazing, and the content of tocopherols and carotenoids as well as the composition of fatty acids was analysed. The overall feed quality expressed as IVOMD (in vitro organic matter disappearance) and NDF (neutral detergent fibre) was affected by period and to a lesser extent by forage type. The content of carotenoids was higher in RCL compared to the other forages, while no effect of period was observed. Alpha-tocopherol was neither affected by period nor by forage type. Fatty acid content, in particular content of linolenic acid, decreased during the grazing period, and it was highest in RCL, intermediate in CIK and lowest in WCL and LUC. Milk yield was neither affected by period nor by forage type. Milk fatty acid composition and content of alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids showed minor differences between forage types and sampling occasions. However, multivariate analysis of these data showed grouping according to sampling occasion, but no clear grouping according to forage types. Despite the differences in composition of forage and in composition of milk, it was not possible to predict milk content of specific fatty acids, carotenoids or tocopherols from the feed content of these compounds. This was partly explained by differences in feed digestibility. Comparison of the milk with previous studies showed higher concentrations of beneficiary compounds such as linolenic acid (12 mg/g fatty acids), conjugated linoleic acid (13 mg/g fatty acids), carotenoids (6 µg/g milk fat) and alpha-tocopherol (21 µg/g milk fat), and it was concluded that all the forages tested could be used in production of a milk with such properties

Estandarización del Proceso de Mantenimiento en el Taller Mecánico de Proauto Mediante un Estudio de Tiempos y Movimientos

The present study is developed in the process of preventive maintenance in the post-sale area of the Proauto company, a Chevrolet dealership in Ecuador, with the aim of increasing productivity and identifying opportunities for improvement over current working methods. There are waste and inefficiencies related to the lack of standardization of work in the preventive maintenance process. In order to fulfill the objective of the study, the information is collected through the direct observation of the work and the tools used are data collection formats, interviews and meetings with the personnel involved in order to determine the current situation of process. The efforts of the study are focused on determining the real time needed to complete a task considering several aspects such as quality, delivery times, standardization in activities and tools. The information collected will lead to improvement proposals in the development of work methods and include standardization of times, activities, tools and inputs. Finally, the proposed improvements are tools of the Lean Manufacturing philosophy for the reduction of waste in a process such as work study, 6'S and standardization.El presente estudio se desarrolla en el proceso de mantenimiento preventivo del área de postventa de la empresa Proauto, concesionario de la marca Chevrolet en el Ecuador, con el objetivo de aumentar la productividad e identificar oportunidades de mejora respecto a los métodos de trabajo actuales. Existen desperdicios e ineficiencias relacionadas a la falta de estandarización del trabajo en el proceso de mantenimiento preventivo. Para cumplir con el objetivo del estudio, el levantamiento de información se lo realiza a través del método de observación directa del trabajo y las herramientas utilizadas son formatos de recolección de datos, entrevistas y reuniones con el personal involucrado con el propósito de determinar la situación actual del proceso. Los esfuerzos están enfocados en determinar el tiempo real necesario para completar una tarea considerando varios aspectos como calidad, tiempos de entrega, homogeneidad en actividades y herramientas. La información levantada conducirá a propuestas de mejora en el desarrollo de los métodos de trabajo e incluyen estandarización de tiempos, actividades, herramientas e insumos. Finalmente, las mejoras que se propusieron son herramientas de la filosofía Lean Manufacturing para la reducción de desperdicios en un proceso como estudio del trabajo, 6’S y estandarización

Enhanced bone apposition to Brazilian microrough titanium surfaces

It has recently been reported that machined and microrough (micro) Brazilian titanium (Ti) implants have good production standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo bone formation around 2 different implant surfaces placed in dog's mandible. Thirty-two screw-typed Ti implants were used in this study. Mandibular premolars were extracted in 8 dogs and, after 12 weeks, 2 machined (Neodent Titamax, Brazil) and 2 micro implants (Neodent Titamax Porous, Brazil) were placed in each animal. Biopsies were taken at 3 and 8 weeks post-implantation and stained with Stevenel's blue and Alizarin red for histomorphometric measurements of bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area between threads (BABT) and bone area within the mirror area (BAMA). Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA (&#945;=0.05). While at 3 weeks micro implants exhibited significantly more BIC than machined ones (55 &plusmn; 12.5% and 35.6 &plusmn; 15%, p<0.05), no significant difference in such parameter was detected at 8 weeks (51.2 &plusmn; 21% and 48.6 &plusmn; 18.1%, p>0.05). There were no significant differences in BABT and BAMA between the implants. Micro surfaces promoted higher contact osteogenesis. These data indicate that this commercial micro Ti implant surface enhances contact osteogenesis at an early post-implantation period when compared to the machined one.Estudos recentes demonstram que implantes nacionais de titânio (Ti) usinados e micro-rugosos apresentam padrões adequados de produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar a neo-formação óssea in vivo em 2 tipos diferentes de implantes colocados em mandíbulas de cães. Trinta e dois implantes rosqueáveis de Ti foram utilizados neste estudo. Os pré-molares mandibulares de 8 cães foram extraídos e, após 12 semanas, 2 implantes usinados (Neodent Titamax) e 2 implantes micro-rugosos (Neodent Titamax Porous) foram colocados em cada animal. Após 3 e 8 semanas da implantação os espécimes foram biopsiados, corados com Stevenel's blue e Alizarin red e analisados histomorfometricamente quanto à porcentagem de contato-osso-implante (COI), área de osso mineralizado entre as roscas (OMER) e área de osso mineralizado na área em espelho (OMAE). Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de ANOVA a dois fatores. Os implantes micro-rugosos apresentaram maior COI do que os implantes controle em 3 semanas (55,0 &plusmn; 12,5% e 35,6 &plusmn; 15,0%; p<0,05), enquanto não houve diferença em 8 semanas (51,2 &plusmn; 21,0% e 48,6 &plusmn; 18,1%; p>0,05). Não houve diferença quanto ao OMER e OMAE. Esses dados nos indicaram que os implantes micro-rugosos utilizados neste estudo aumentam a osteogênese de contato nos períodos iniciais pós-implantação quando comparados com implantes usinados.(FAPESP) São Paulo Research Foundation(CNPq) The National Council for Scientific and Technological Developmen

Disk-Loss and Disk Renewal Phases in Classical Be Stars II. Detailed Analysis of Spectropolarimetric Data

In Wisniewski et al. 2010, paper I, we analyzed 15 years of spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric data from the Ritter and Pine Bluff Observatories of 2 Be stars, 60 Cygni and {\pi} Aquarii, when a transition from Be to B star occurred. Here we anaylize the intrinsic polarization, where we observe loop-like structures caused by the rise and fall of the polarization Balmer Jump and continuum V-band polarization being mismatched temporally with polarimetric outbursts. We also see polarization angle deviations from the mean, reported in paper I, which may be indicative of warps in the disk, blobs injected at an inclined orbit, or spiral density waves. We show our ongoing efforts to model time dependent behavior of the disk to constrain the phenomena, using 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer codes.Comment: 2 pages, 6 figures, IAU Symposium 27

Dar a ver. Núcleo de estudo e formação em funções de apoio à direção de arte audiovisual

O projeto “Dar a ver” começou no ano de 2015 como um espaço de estudo da direção de arte, fomentando a produção de cenários, objetos e figurinos. O projeto vem se articulando através do acervo de objetos e figurinos do ILAACH desde 2016, sempre com a proposta de servir às produções culturais da comunidade acadêmica e externa. A fase atual do projeto prevê ampliação e incremento qualitativo do acesso à comunidade e expansão das atividades após a incorporação de máquinas de costura ao espaço de funcionamento do acervo. A presente proposta visa, num primeiro momento, realizar um balanço das atividades do projeto para em seguida apontar novas diretrizes e objetivos a serem alcançados

Multiple approaches to microbial source tracking in tropical northern Australia

© The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in MicrobiologyOpen 3 (2014): 860–874, doi:10.1002/mbo3.209.Microbial source tracking is an area of research in which multiple approaches are used to identify the sources of elevated bacterial concentrations in recreational lakes and beaches. At our study location in Darwin, northern Australia, water quality in the harbor is generally good, however dry-season beach closures due to elevated Escherichia coli and enterococci counts are a cause for concern. The sources of these high bacteria counts are currently unknown. To address this, we sampled sewage outfalls, other potential inputs, such as urban rivers and drains, and surrounding beaches, and used genetic fingerprints from E. coli and enterococci communities, fecal markers and 454 pyrosequencing to track contamination sources. A sewage effluent outfall (Larrakeyah discharge) was a source of bacteria, including fecal bacteria that impacted nearby beaches. Two other treated effluent discharges did not appear to influence sites other than those directly adjacent. Several beaches contained fecal indicator bacteria that likely originated from urban rivers and creeks within the catchment. Generally, connectivity between the sites was observed within distinct geographical locations and it appeared that most of the bacterial contamination on Darwin beaches was confined to local sources

Future trajectories of change for an Arctic deep-sea ecosystem connected to coastal kelp forests

Environmental stressors related to climate change and other anthropogenic activities are impacting Arctic marine ecosystems at exceptional rates. Within this context, predicting future scenarios of deep-sea ecosystems and their consequences linked with the fate of coastal areas is a growing need and challenge. We used an existing food-web model developed to represent the outer basin of the Malangen fjord, a northern Norwegian deep-sea ecosystem, to assess the potential effects of plausible future trajectories of change for major drivers in the area, including links to coastal kelp forests. We considered four major drivers (kelp particulate organic matter [POM] production entering the deep sea, fishing effort, king crab invasion, and ocean warming) to project 12 future scenarios using the temporal dynamic module of Ecopath with Ecosim approach. Overall, we found that the impact of warming on the deep-sea ecosystem structure and functioning, as well as on ecosystem services, are predicted to be greater than changes in kelp forest dynamics and their POM production entering the deep sea and the king crab invasion. Yet, the cumulative impacts are predicted to be more important than noncumulative since some stressors acted synergistically. These results illustrate the vulnerability of sub-Arctic and Arctic marine ecosystems to climate change and consequently call for conservation, restoration, and adaptation measures in deep-sea and adjacent ecosystems. Results also highlight the importance of considering additional stressors affecting deep-sea communities to predict cumulative impacts in an ecosystem-based management and global change context and the interlinkages between coastal and deep-sea environments.acceptedVersio

Update on liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma : a review of the recent literature

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) represent 3% of all gastrointestinal tumours and can be classified anatomically in 3 types: intrahepatic (ICC), perihilar (PCC) and distal (DCC) cholangiocarcinomas. Resection is the treatment of choice but is only achieved in a few cases (< 20%) because of invasion of the biliary tract and/or vascular structures. The outcome of advanced CC is poor with an overall survival (OS) of maximum 15 months with chemotherapy. In the 1990s, CC was regarded as a contraindication for liver transplantation (LT). LT has recently been proposed as potentially curative option for ICC and PCC. Careful patient selection has changed OS. This amide provides an update on current status of LT for patients with unresectable CC