Sleep deprivation increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in rat gastric mucosa

Aim: To investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense. Methods: Rats for sleep disruption were placed inside a computerized rotating drum, gastric mucosa was taken from rats with 1, 3 and 7 d sleep deprivation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of heat shock protein 70. Ethanol (500 mL.L-1, i.g.) was used to induce gastric mucosa damage. Results: RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining confirmed that the sleep deprivation as a stress resulted in significantly greater expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats. After the 500mL.L-1 ethanol challenge, the ulcer area found in the rats with 7 d sleep deprivation (19.15 ± 4.2) mm2 was significantly lower (P<0.01) than the corresponding control (53.7 ± 8.1) mm2. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation as a stress, in addition to lowering the gastric mucosal barrier, is able to stimulate the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats, the heat shock protein 70 may play an important role in gastric mucosal protection.published_or_final_versio

DNA fingerprinting and cloning of hypervariable minisatellite repeats in salmonids

We used heterologous jeffreys' 33.6 core sequence and microsatellites (CAC)(5) and (CA)(12) as probes and compared them with probes based on the minisatellite sequences from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fingerprinting assays. DNA fingerprints generated with the Jeffreys' 33.6 core sequence and the microsatellite (CAC)(5) and (CA)(12) probes showed complex profiles with high background, but DNA fingerprints using the tilapia and Atlantic salmon probes showed clear, less complex, informative, individual-specific DNA fingerprints suitable for analysis. We cloned and sequenced homologous repetitive sequences using a novel approach of creating a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) genomic DNA library with enriched low C(0)t DNA repeats for the development of DNA probes. The four types of repeats identified and sequenced were (CT)(n) and three Alu-like sequences. We generated DNA fingerprints using one of the minisatellite sequences as a probe. This minisatellite sequence was shown to be species specific because it is abundant in chinook and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) genomes, but not in Atlantic salmon. These probes will provide us with the tools to study pedigree and linkage analysis, paternity testing, breeding programs, and the analysis of genetic structure within populations for aquaculture and fisheries research.published_or_final_versio

Gene expression profiles in gastric mucosa of sleep deprivation rats

published_or_final_versio

Measurement of seismometer orientation using the tangential P-wave receiver function based on harmonic decomposition

Accurate determination of the seismometer orientation is a prerequisite for seismic studies including, but not limited to seismic anisotropy. While borehole seismometers on land produce seismic waveform data somewhat free of human-induced noise, they might have a drawback of an uncertain orientation. This study calculates a harmonic decomposition of teleseismic receiver functions from the P and PP phases and determines the orientation of a seismometer by minimizing a constant term in a harmonic expansion of tangential receiver functions in backazimuth near and at 0 s. This method normalizes the effect of seismic sources and determines the orientation of a seismometer without having to assume for an isotropic medium. Compared to the method of minimizing the amplitudes of a mean of the tangential receiver functions near and at 0 s, the method yields more accurate orientations in cases where the backazimuthal coverage of earthquake sources (even in the case of ocean bottom seismometers) is uneven and incomplete. We apply this method to data from the Korean seismic network (52 broad-band velocity seismometers, 30 of which are borehole sensors) to estimate the sensor orientation in the period of 2005−2016. We also track temporal changes in the sensor orientation through the change in the polarity and the amplitude of the tangential receiver function. Six borehole stations are confirmed to experience a significant orientation change (10°−180°) over the period of 10 yr. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by estimating the orientation of ocean bottom sensors, which are known to have high noise level during the relatively short deployment period

Self-healing of fractured one dimensional brittle nanostructures

Recent experiments have shown that fractured GaAs nanowires can heal spontaneously inside a transmission electron microscope. Here we perform molecular-dynamics simulations to investigate the atomic mechanism of this self-healing process. As the distance between two fracture surfaces becomes less than 1.0 nm, a strong surface attraction is generated by the electrostatic interaction, which results in Ga–As re-bonding at the fracture site and restoration of the nanowire. The results suggest that self-healing might be prevalent in ultrathin one-dimensional nanostructures under near vacuum conditions

Self-healing in fractured GaAs nanowires

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate a spontaneous self-healing process in fractured GaAs nanowires with a zinc blende structure. The results show that such self-healing can indeed occur via rebonding of Ga and As atoms across the fracture surfaces, but it can be strongly influenced by several factors, including wire size, number of healing cycles, temperature, fracture morphology, oriented attachment and atomic diffusion. For example, it is found that the self-healing capacity is reduced by 46% as the lateral dimension of the wire increases from 2.3 to 9.2 nm, and by 64% after 24 repeated cycles of fracture and healing. Other factors influencing the self-healing behavior are also discussed

Understanding large plastic deformation of SiC nanowires at room temperature

Tensile behaviors of SiC [111] nanowires with various possible microstructures have been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulations. The results show that the large plastic deformation in these nanowires is induced by the anti-parallel sliding of 3C grains along an ultra- thin intergranular amorphous film parallel to the (11¯1) plane and inclined at an angle of 19.47◦ with respect to the nanowire axis. The resulting large plastic deformation of SiC nanowires at room temperature is attributed to the stretching, breaking and re-forming of Si–C bonds in the intergranular amorphous film, which is also evident from the sawtooth jumps in the stress-strain response

Pin1 Modulates the Type 1 Immune Response

BACKGROUND/ABSTRACT: Immune responses initiated by T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory molecule mediated signaling culminate in maximal cytokine mRNA production and stability. The transcriptional responses to co-stimulatory T cell signalling involve calcineurin and NF-AT, which can be antagonized by interference with the cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIase), cyclophilin A and FKBP. Signalling molecules downstream of CD28 which are essential for the stabilization of cytokine mRNAs are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We now show that Pin1, a third member of the PPIase family mediates the post-transcriptional regulation of Th1 cytokines by activated T cells. Blockade of Pin1 by pharmacologic or genetic means greatly attenuated IFN-γ, IL-2 and CXCL-10 mRNA stability, accumulation and protein expression after cell activation. In vivo, Pin1 blockade prevented both the acute and chronic rejection of MHC mismatched, orthotopic rat lung transplants by reducing the expression of IFN-γ and CXCL-10. Combined transcriptional and post-transcriptional blockade with cyclosporine A and the Pin1 inhibitor, juglone, was synergistic. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data suggest Pin1 inhibitors should be explored for use as immunosuppressants and employed with available calcineurin inhibitors to reduce toxicity and enhance effectiveness

Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations at large transverse momenta in p+pp+p and Au+Au collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}= 200 GeV

Results on high transverse momentum charged particle emission with respect to the reaction plane are presented for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$= 200 GeV. Two- and four-particle correlations results are presented as well as a comparison of azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions to those in $p+p$ at the same energy. Elliptic anisotropy, $v_2$, is found to reach its maximum at $p_t \sim 3$ GeV/c, then decrease slowly and remain significant up to $p_t\approx 7$ -- 10 GeV/c. Stronger suppression is found in the back-to-back high-$p_t$ particle correlations for particles emitted out-of-plane compared to those emitted in-plane. The centrality dependence of $v_2$ at intermediate $p_t$ is compared to simple models based on jet quenching.Comment: 4 figures. Published version as PRL 93, 252301 (2004