Development genetic and stability classification of seasonal glacial lakes in a tectonically active area—A case study in Niangmuco, east margin of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

The Niangmuco region on the east margin of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis features a large number of glacial lakes. The development process and stability classification of glacial lakes is of great significance to the study of seasonal glaciers in the eastern Himalayan margin, with implications for economic development and disaster prevention. Based on Landsat remote sensing image data from 2000 to 2021, this study analyzed the development and change characteristics of glacial lakes in the Niangmuco region during the past 21 years, and classified the stability of lakes with areas >0.02 km2 using the fuzzy consistent matrix method. In this area, 126 glacial lakes were identified within an elevation range of 3044–4156 m with a total area of 10.94 km2. These lakes primarily included glacial erosion lakes, valley lakes, tectonic lakes, and landslide dam lakes. Specifically, glacial erosion lakes accounted for 88.9% of the total number of lakes and 60.3% of the total lake area, followed by valley lakes with 6.3% and 23.7%, respectively. From 2000 to 2010, the total area of glacial lakes decreased from 10.53 km2 to 10.09 km2, which may be attributable to climate fluctuations. Subsequently, the area of lakes increased significantly to 10.94 km2 in 2021, an increase of 0.41 km2. Compared with 2000, among the lakes with a growth rate of 0.019 km2/a in 21 years, glacial erosion lakes exhibited the largest change. Among the classified glacial lakes in the study area, 95.7% were stable and relatively stable, mostly comprising glacial erosion lakes at high altitudes between 3468 and 4156 m. Only 4 unstable and extremely unstable glacial lakes were identified, and they were located near a fault zone. The findings show that the development and the change of glacial lakes in the area are primarily controlled by temperature and precipitation, and the topography and fault activity have important influences on the stability of glacial lakes

Association of dietary fatty acid intake with hypertension in children and adolescents: evidence from the NHANES 2005–2018

AimThis study aims to evaluate the association between dietary fatty acid intake and hypertension in children and adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data of children and adolescents aged 8–17 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018. Dietary intake of total fat and fatty acid was evaluated via two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between fatty acid intake and hypertension, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. A subgroup analysis was conducted according to gender, age, and body mass index Z-score.ResultsThis study included 13,330 subjects, of which 11,614 were non-hypertensive and 1,716 were hypertensive. Higher intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with significantly lower odds of hypertension (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.97, P = 0.018). No significant associations were found between the density of total saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, and PUFAs and the odds of hypertension (all P > 0.05). Increased intake of omega-3 (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.93, P = 0.002) and omega-6 (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75–0.98, P = 0.025) PUFAs, octadecatrienoic acid (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.93, P = 0.003), and octadecadienoic acid (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75–0.98, P = 0.025) was associated with significantly lower odds of hypertension, and individuals with higher omega-6/omega-3 ratio had significantly higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, P = 0.025). The density of omega-3 PUFAs (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.95, P = 0.004) and octadecatrienoic acid (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96, P = 0.006) was inversely associated with the odds of hypertension, and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio was positively associated with the odds of hypertension (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, P = 0.012).ConclusionTotal PUFA intake was negatively associated with the odds of hypertension in children and adolescents. Higher intake of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, octadecatrienoic acid, and octadecadienoic acid, as well as density of omega-3 PUFAs and octadecatrienoic acid, was associated with lower odds of hypertension

The Effects of Uygur Herb Hyssopus officinalis

It has been proved that Uygur herb Hyssopus offcinalis L. could affect the levels of some cytokines (such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ) in asthmatic mice. By detection of the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and the morphological changes, the aim of this research is to reveal the mechanism of Uygur herb Hyssopus offcinalis L. in the process of airway remodeling. It was observed that the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 increased, but the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 decreased in airway remodeling group. However, the expression of both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 decreased after being treated with dexamethasone and Hyssopus offcinalis L., accompanied by the relieved pathological changes, including collagen deposition, mucus secretion, and smooth muscle proliferation. It is suggested that Uygur herb Hyssopus offcinalis L. could inhibit airway remodeling by correcting imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio

Effect of Trichoderma viride on rhizosphere microbial communities and biocontrol of soybean root rot

Biological seed dressing is a cost-effective means to protect plant roots from pathogens. Trichoderma is generally considered as one of the most common biological seed dressings. However, there is still a dearth of information on the effects of Trichoderma on microbial community of rhizosphere soil. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the effects of Trichoderma viride and a chemical fungicide on microbial community of soybean rhizosphere soil. The results showed that both T. viride and chemical fungicide could significantly reduce the disease index of soybean (15.11% for Trichoderma and 17.33% for Chemical), while no significant difference was observed between them. Both T. viride and chemical fungicide could affect the structure of rhizosphere microbial community, they increased the β-diversity of microbial community and significantly reduce the relative abundance of Saprotroph-Symbiotroph. Chemical fungicide could reduce the complexity and stability of co-occurrence network. However, T. viride is beneficial for maintaining network stability and increasing network complexity. There were 31 bacterial genera and 21 fungal genera significantly correlated with the disease index. Furthermore, several potential plant pathogenic microorganisms were also positively correlated with disease index, such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, Conocybe, Naganishia, and Monocillium. From this work, T. viride may be used as a substitute for chemical fungicide to control soybean root rot and be more friendly to soil microecology

Prediction of Cone Crusher Performance Considering Liner Wear

Cone crushers are used in the aggregates and mining industries to crush rock material. The pressure on cone crusher liners is the key factor that influences the hydraulic pressure, power draw and liner wear. In order to dynamically analyze and calculate cone crusher performance along with liner wear, a series of experiments are performed to obtain the crushed rock material samples from a crushing plant at different time intervals. In this study, piston die tests are carried out and a model relating compression coefficient, compression ratio and particle size distribution to a corresponding pressure is presented. On this basis, a new wear prediction model is proposed combining the empirical model for predicting liner wear with time parameter. A simple and practical model, based on the wear model and interparticle breakage, is presented for calculating compression ratio of each crushing zone along with liner wear. Furthermore, the size distribution of the product is calculated based on existing size reduction process model. A method of analysis of product size distribution and shape in the crushing process considering liner wear is proposed. Finally, the validity of the wear model is verified via testing. The result shows that there is a significant improvement of the prediction of cone crusher performance considering liner wear as compared to the previous model

Global Industrial Chain Resilience Research: Theory and Measurement

Global industrial chain resilience refers to the capability of industrial chains, on a global scale, to maintain or restore their normal operations and value-creating ability in the face of various risks and uncertainties. This resilience is crucial for addressing crises, promoting economic growth, and upholding national security. However, there is currently a lack of unified standards and methods for measuring and enhancing global industrial chain resilience. This study constructs a global industrial chain production model in a multi-country and multi-stage open economy context. It utilizes data from the 1990–2021 Eora MRIO (Multi-Regional Input–Output) dataset to analyze the formation, measurement, and influencing factors of global industrial chain resilience. The research findings indicate that since 2010, the disparity in industrial chain resilience between different countries has gradually widened. Manufacturing plays a pivotal role in maintaining industrial chain stability. Additionally, factors such as input costs and technological levels have been found to positively impact the enhancement of global industrial chain resilience. Therefore, this study provides theoretical and empirical support for exploring and improving global industrial chain resilience, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and entrepreneurs

A generalised Bayesian inference method for maritime surveillance using historical data

In practice, maritime monitoring systems rely on manual work to identify the authenticities, risks, behaviours and importance of moving objects, which cannot be obtained directly through sensors, especially from marine radar. This paper proposes a generalised Bayesian inference-based artificial intelligence that is capable of identifying these patterns of moving objects based on their dynamic attributes and historical data. First of all, based on dependable prior data, likelihood information about objects of interest is obtained in terms of dynamic attributes, such as speed, direction and position. Observations on these attributes of a new object can be obtained as pieces of evidence profiled as probability distributions or generally belief distributions if ambiguity appears in the observations. Using likelihood modelling, the observed pieces of evidence are independent of the prior distribution patterns. Subsequently, Dempster\u27s rule is used to combine the pieces of evidence under consideration of their weight and reliability to identify the moving object. A real world case study of maritime radar surveillance is conducted to validate and prove the efficiency of the proposed approach. Overall, this approach is capable of providing a probabilistic and rigorous recognition result for pattern recognition of moving objects, which is suitable for any other actively detecting applications in transportation systems

Effect of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Behaviors of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd Alloys

Corrosion behavior of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd alloy was investigated after heat treatment. The microstructure and precipitation were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The weight loss rates of different samples were arranged as T6-24 h>T6-6 h>T6-14 h>as-cast>T4. The open circuit potential (OCP) showed that T4 sample had a more positive potential than that of other samples. The potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the T6-24 h sample had the highest corrosion current density of 245.362 μA·cm−2, whereas the T4 sample had the lowest at 52.164 μA·cm−2. The EIS results confirmed that the heat treatment reduced the corrosion resistance for Mg-5Y-1.5Nd alloy, because the precipitations acted as the cathode of electrochemical reactions to accelerate the corrosion process. The corrosion rates of different samples were mainly determined by the amount and distribution of the precipitations. The precipitations played dual roles that depended on the amount and distribution. The presence of the phase in the alloys could deteriorate the corrosion performance as it could act as an effective galvanic cathode. Otherwise, a fine and homogeneous phase appeared to be a better anticorrosion barrier