Optimal Control of Brucellosis in Bison in the Yellowstone National Park Area

Brucellosis is a highly infectious bacterial disease that causes infected females to abort their calves. It has caused devastating losses to U.S. farmers over the last century. The only known focus of Brucellosis left in the nation is wildlife such as bison and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Vaccination and test-and-slaughter have been applied to brucellosis management in bison, and there has been discussion that a combination of both could potentially eradicate the disease in the Yellowstone National Park. However, there is no study on how to allocate resources between the two actions. This paper investigates the optimal allocation of these two selective management options, in a bioeconomic framework, when there are both existence and recreational values for the wildlife host (bison) and when the host puts the livestock sector at risk.Bioeconomics, brucellosis, disease ecology, epidemiology, optimal control, susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Cooperative Pursuit with Multi-Pursuer and One Faster Free-moving Evader

This paper addresses a multi-pursuer single-evader pursuit-evasion game where the free-moving evader moves faster than the pursuers. Most of the existing works impose constraints on the faster evader such as limited moving area and moving direction. When the faster evader is allowed to move freely without any constraint, the main issues are how to form an encirclement to trap the evader into the capture domain, how to balance between forming an encirclement and approaching the faster evader, and what conditions make the capture possible. In this paper, a distributed pursuit algorithm is proposed to enable pursuers to form an encirclement and approach the faster evader. An algorithm that balances between forming an encirclement and approaching the faster evader is proposed. Moreover, sufficient capture conditions are derived based on the initial spatial distribution and the speed ratios of the pursuers and the evader. Simulation and experimental results on ground robots validate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method

What Can China Learn From East Asia\u27s Economic Success?

East Asia has a remarkable record of high and sustained economic growth. From 1965 to 1990 the twenty-three economies of East Asia grew faster than all other regions of the world (World Bank 1993). Most of this achievement is attributable to seemingly miraculous growth in just eight economies: Japan; the Four Tigers --Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan; and the three newly industrializing economies (NIEs) of Southeast Asia--Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The success of these eight high performing Asian economies (HPAEs) in achieving rapid and equitable growth broadens our understanding of the range of policies that are consistent with rapid development. East Asia\u27s experience has influenced many nations to rethink how they ought to go about achieving economic development. The purpose of this study is to examine how some factors which lead to East Asia\u27s success may have affected the economic growth in China and if so their magnitude. This study begins with the hypothesis that domestic investment, human capital, government expenditures on infrastructure, net exports and the free market system will have a significant positive impact on China\u27s economic growth, while population growth will have a negative impact on China\u27s economic growth. The method applied to this research introduces two dummy variables to capture the effect of a free market system on economic growth and that of birth control policy on population growth. The overall findings do indeed suggest that domestic investment, government expenditure and net exports have a positive impact on China\u27s economic growth. However, the presence of multicollinearity raises some doubt concerning the reliability of the estimates. Also, a better indicator may be used in place of the primary graduates as a percentage of the total population as a proxy for education attainment, since, theoretically, education should maintain a strong and significant relationship with economic growth. The unusual results may very well be due to the unreliability and unstable nature of the data on the primary school graduates as a percentage of the total population. In the future, availability of more consistent and reliable data on each variable may be helpful in testing the models developed in this project

Radon Background Studies for the SuperNEMO Experiment

SuperNEMO is a neutrinoless double beta decay (0ν2β) experiment, aiming to reach a half-life sensitivity of 1026 years corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of ­ mββ® < 40 - 100 meV. The sensitivity target has posed a significant challenge of radiopurity for both the detector design and the construction process. One of the major backgrounds of the SuperNEMO detector is due to Radon, of which the decay daughter 214Bi (from 222Rn) presents a major challenge due its high Qβ values and ability to mimic a double beta decay process. Two radon emanation chambers have been built to be used in conjunction with an electrostatic detector to measure the detector components and construction materials. The chambers have been used to carry out 222Rn emanation assays for multiple samples of detector components and materials for the SuperNEMO and LZ experiments with a sensitivity of 0.09 - 0.19 mBq at 90% Confidence Level (C.L.). The 222Rn contamination of the tracker gas is required to be less than 0.15 mBq/m3 . This activity is beyond the sensitivity of current best radon detectors. Therefore a “Radon Concentration Line” was designed and built at UCL. This facility can deliver a concentrated gas sample to the detector, and for the SuperNEMO tracker gas it can reach a sensitivity of < 5 µBq/m3 (at 90% C.L.). Radon emanation measurements of fully instrumented SuperNEMO tracker submodules have been performed showing that the challenging 222Rn background requirements have been met

Discussion on Nursing Mode of Ecmo in Treating Severe Patients

Objective: To evaluate the nursing effect of Ecmo treatment for severe patients.Methods :66 patients treated with extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation were included in the experimental data. From August 2018 to August 2019, the patients were divided into experimental group and reference group by random digital table method, each group was 33 cases. Routine nursing and targeted nursing were performed to compare the complications of the two groups.Results :(1) The correlation index of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation treatment before treatment was consistent, P>0.05, the oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure of 2 h、4h after treatment in the experimental group were higher than those in the reference group, compared with the reference group, the carbon dioxide partial pressure of 2 h、4h after treatment in the experimental group was lower, showing statistical significance of data test (PP>0.05). (2) The incidence of infection, bleeding, coagulation, embolism and hypotension in the experimental group (12.12%) was lower than that in the reference group (45.45%), showing statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion: the specific nursing effect of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation in severe patients can effectively improve the success rate of treatment, and the possibility of complications during treatment is low