Quantum dense coding in multiparticle entangled states via local measurements

In this paper, we study quantum dense coding between two arbitrarily fixed particles in a (N+2)-particle maximally-entangled states through introducing an auxiliary qubit and carrying out local measurements. It is shown that the transmitted classical information amount through such an entangled quantum channel usually is less than two classical bits. However, the information amount may reach two classical bits of information, and the classical information capacity is independent of the number of the entangled particles in the initial entangled state under certain conditions. The results offer deeper insights to quantum dense coding via quantum channels of multi-particle entangled states.Comment: 3 pages, no figur

Bare Soil Carbon Dioxide Fluxes with Time and Depth Determined by High-Resolution Gradient-Based Measurements and Surface Chambers

Soil CO2 production rates and fluxes vary with time and depth. The shallow near-surface soil layer is important for myriad soil processes, yet knowledge of dynamic CO2 concentrations and fluxes in this complex zone is limited. We used a concentration gradient method (CGM) to determine CO2 production and effluxes with depth in shallow layers of a bare soil. The CO2concentration was continuously measured at 13 depths in the 0- to 200-mm soil layer. For an 11-d period, 2% of the soil CO2 was produced below a depth of 175 mm, 8% was produced in the 50- to 175-mm soil layer, and 90% was produced in the 0- to 50-mm soil layer. Soil CO2concentration showed similar diurnal patterns with temperature in deeper soil layers and out-of-phase diurnal patterns in surface soil layers. Soil CO2 flux from most of the soil layers can be described by an exponential function of soil temperature, with temperature sensitivity (Q10) ranging from 1.40 to 2.00 (1.62 ± 0.17). The temperature-normalized CO2 fluxes are related to soil water content with a positive linear relationship in surface soil layers and a negative relationship in deep soil layers. The CO2 fluxes from CGM and chamber methods had good agreement at multiple time scales, which showed that the CGM method was able to estimate near-surface soil CO2 fluxes and production. The contrasting patterns between surface and deep layers of soil CO2 concentration and fluxes suggest the necessity of intensive CO2concentration measurements in the surface soil layer for accurate determination of soil-atmosphere CO2 flux when using the CGM

How does the driver's Perception Reaction Time affect the performances of crash surrogate measures?

© 2015 Kuang et al. With the merit on representing traffic conflict through examining the crash mechanism and causality proactively, crash surrogate measures have long been proposed and applied to evaluate the traffic safety. However, the driver's Perception-Reaction Time (PRT), an important variable in crash mechanism, has not been considered widely into surrogate measures. In this regard, it is important to know how the PRT affects the performances of surrogate indicators. To this end, three widely used surrogate measures are firstly modified by involving the PRT into their crash mechanisms. Then, in order to examine the difference caused by the PRT, a comparative study is carried out on a freeway section of the Pacific Motorway, Australia. This result suggests that the surrogate indicators' performances in representing rear-end crash risks are improved with the incorporating of the PRT for the investigated section

Incremental association rule mining based on matrix compression for edge computing

A growing amount of data is being generated, communicated and processed at the edge nodes of cloud systems; this has the potential to improve response times and thus reduce communication bandwidth. We found that traditional static association rule mining cannot solve certain real-world problems with dynamically changing data. Incremental association rule mining algorithms have been studied. This paper combines the fast update pruning (FUP) algorithm with a compressed Boolean matrix and proposes a new incremental association rule mining algorithm, named the FUP algorithm based on a compression matrix (FBCM). This algorithm requires only a single scan of both the database and incremental databases, establishes two compressible Boolean matrices, and applies association rule mining to those matrices. The FBCM algorithm effectively improves the computational efficiency of incremental association rule mining and hence is suitable for knowledge discovery in the edge nodes of cloud systems

Intensities of high-energy cosmic rays at Mount Kanbala

The energy spectra of atmospheric cosmic rays at Mt. Kanbala (520 g/sq cm.) are measured with emulsion chambers. The power indexes of the spectra are values of about 2.0 for both gamma-rays and hadrons. Those fluxes are consistent with the ones expected from the model of primary cosmic rays with heavy nuclei of high content in the energy around 10 to the 15th power eV

Muon anomalous magnetic moment and lepton flavor violation in MSSM

We give a thorough analysis of the correlation between the muon anomalous magnetic moment and the radiative lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes within the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that in the case when the slepton mass eigenstates are nearly degenerate, $\delta a_\mu$, coming from SUSY contributions, hardly depends on the lepton flavor mixing and, thus, there is no direct relation between $\delta a_\mu$ and the LFV processes. On the contrary, if the first two generations' sleptons are much heavier than the 3rd one, i.e., in the effective SUSY scenario, the two quantities are closely related. In the latter scenario, the SUSY parameter space to account for the experimental $\delta a_\mu$ is quite different from the case of no lepton flavor mixing. Especially, the Higgsino mass parameter $\mu$ can be either positive or negative.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures; Some discussions are modifie

A cosmic ray super high multicore family event. 1: Experiment and general features

Information on the fragmentation region in super high energy hadronic interactions can be obtained through the observations of gamma-ray families produced by cosmic rays. Gamma-ray families with the sum of E sub gamma or 1000 TeV are receiving increasing interests in emulsion chamber experiments. There exist some complications caused by the superposition of nuclear and electromagnetic cascades and the uncertainty in the nature of the primary particles. These complications usually make the conclusions drawn from various interesting phenomena observed in family events not so definite. An interesting family event KO E19, which is likely to have suffered only very slight disturbances is described. It was found in the Mt. Kambala emulsion chamber experiment. The production height of the event is determined to be H=(70 + or - 30)m and some conclusions are given