Role of Ucp1 enhancer methylation and chromatin remodelling in the control of Ucp1 expression in murine adipose tissue

Aims/hypothesis Increasing the expression of the brown adipose tissue-specific gene uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) is a potential target for treating obesity. We investigated the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in Ucp1 expression in adipose cell lines and ex vivo murine adipose tissues. Methods Methylation state of the Ucp1 enhancer was studied using bisulphite mapping in murine adipose cell lines, and tissue taken from cold-stressed mice, coupled with functional assays of the effects of methylation and demethylation of the Ucp1 promoter on gene expression and nuclear protein binding. Results We show that demethylation of the Ucp1 promoter by 5-aza-deoxycytidine increases Ucp1 expression while methylation of Ucp1 promoter–reporter constructs decreases expression. Brown adipose tissue-specific Ucp1 expression is associated with decreased CpG dinucleotide methylation of the Ucp1 enhancer. The lowest CpG dinucleotide methylation state was found in two cyclic AMP response elements (CRE3, CRE2) in the Ucp1 promoter and methylation of the CpG in CRE2, but not CRE3 decreased nuclear protein binding. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the presence of the silencing DiMethH3K9 modification on the Ucp1 enhancer in white adipose tissue and the appearance of the active TriMethH3K4 mark at the Ucp1 promoter in brown adipose tissue in response to a cold environment. Conclusions/interpretation The results demonstrate that CpG dinucleotide methylation of the Ucp1 enhancer exhibits tissue-specific patterns in murine tissue and cell lines and suggest that adipose tissue-specific Ucp1 expression involves demethylation of CpG dinucleotides found in regulatory CREs in the Ucp1 enhancer, as well as modification of histone tails

Épidémiologie des traumatismes orthopédiques liés à la pratique du rugby à XV. Revue de la littérature

Objectif : Exposer les données issues d’études épidémiologiques internationales sur le thème de la traumatologie orthopédique liée à la pratique du rugby à XV, en identifiant la fréquence des événements traumatiques et certains de leurs facteurs associés. Méthode : Les études épidémiologiques sur la traumatologie liée à la pratique du rugby à XV ont été identifiées soit sur la base de données internationales PubMed, soit dans des revues avec comité de lecture. Seules les études pour lesquelles la méthodologie employée était précisée ont été retenues pour notre analyse de la littérature. Résultats : La quasi-totalité des études recensées ont été réalisées sur des joueurs anglo-saxons et de sexe masculin. Malgré le fait que la définition de blessure ne soit pas toujours la même entre les études, l’évolution de l’incidence des blessures chez les joueurs de rugby indique une augmentation de la traumatologie en match depuis l’avènement du professionnalisme en 1995, après la troisième Coupe du Monde de Rugby. Le plaquage est la situation de jeu en contact la plus souvent déclarée en cas de blessure mais les phases de mêlée et de collisions sont celles qui présentent le risque de blessure consécutive le plus élevé. Les accidents musculaires figurent parmi les lésions les plus fréquentes et la mise en place de programmes de prévention permet de réduire leur fréquence. Les traumatismes du genou sont les plus fréquents parmi les traumatismes engendrant les plus grands délais d’indisponibilité. Également, grâce à des programmes de prévention, la fréquence et la gravité des traumatismes du crâne et du rachis ont diminué. Ne devant pas faire partie du jeu, les situations de jeu irrégulières sont tout de même identifiées à l’origine de 10 à 15 % des blessures. Conclusion : La tendance générale tant au niveau français qu’au niveau international plaide en faveur d’une majoration de la fréquence de la traumatologie orthopédique en rugby depuis l’avènement du professionnalisme. Une méthodologie standardisée (validée et reproductible) et maîtrisée est indispensable pour l’élaboration et l’évaluation de stratégies de prévention efficaces tant aux niveaux primaire que secondaire et tertiaire. (résumé d'auteur

Suivi à un minimum de 5 ans d’une cohorte de 223 patients opérés par prothèse totale de genou de première intention FHK

International audienc

From macrotraces to micro-tomography: a multi-scale approach for detecting and characterizing the “Spiralled Patchwork Technology” in Northern Mediterranean Neolithic pottery assemblages

International audienceThe macro- and mesoscopic analysis of the Impresso-Cardial pottery assemblage from the Pendimoun rock shelter located in Castellar (Alpes-Maritimes, France) revealed a range of previously unrecognised macrotraces and mesostructures on all pottery vessels, independently of their shape or size. These traces suggested a forming sequence involving the juxtaposition and merging of “spiralled patches”. This chaîne opératoire is unique as it differs from all the operational sequences previously identified in the Early Neolithic contexts of Europe. The macrotraces and mesostructures indicative of the juxtaposition of spiralled patches are more or less visible depending on the state of preservation of the pottery. In addition, due to the lack of an archaeological or ethnographic refe- rence framework, the observations need to be completed in order to confirm the underlying technical actions. These limitations have led us to implement a multi-scale approach based on the analysis of archaeological and experimental samples, combining analysis of microfabrics, 3D surface scanning (topographical analysis) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) at different resolutions. Non-des- tructive μ-CT enables the identification of forming techniques and methods through the 3D visualisation of the internal architecture of the vessels, including interfaces between assembled elements, porous system, and mineral inclusions. Here we present the criteria for identifying this unique forming sequence, as well as the multi-scale approach we developed to build an integrated frame of reference for SPT used to support our archaeological interpretations

From macrotraces to micro-tomography: a multi-scale approach for detecting and characterizing the “Spiralled Patchwork Technology” in Northern Mediterranean Neolithic pottery assemblages

International audienceThe macro- and mesoscopic analysis of the Impresso-Cardial pottery assemblage from the Pendimoun rock shelter located in Castellar (Alpes-Maritimes, France) revealed a range of previously unrecognised macrotraces and mesostructures on all pottery vessels, independently of their shape or size. These traces suggested a forming sequence involving the juxtaposition and merging of “spiralled patches”. This chaîne opératoire is unique as it differs from all the operational sequences previously identified in the Early Neolithic contexts of Europe. The macrotraces and mesostructures indicative of the juxtaposition of spiralled patches are more or less visible depending on the state of preservation of the pottery. In addition, due to the lack of an archaeological or ethnographic refe- rence framework, the observations need to be completed in order to confirm the underlying technical actions. These limitations have led us to implement a multi-scale approach based on the analysis of archaeological and experimental samples, combining analysis of microfabrics, 3D surface scanning (topographical analysis) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) at different resolutions. Non-des- tructive μ-CT enables the identification of forming techniques and methods through the 3D visualisation of the internal architecture of the vessels, including interfaces between assembled elements, porous system, and mineral inclusions. Here we present the criteria for identifying this unique forming sequence, as well as the multi-scale approach we developed to build an integrated frame of reference for SPT used to support our archaeological interpretations