FIBRE OPTIC SENSORS APPLIED TO RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING: A POWERFUL WAY FOR IN- SITU QUANTITATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION

SUMMARY: RTM6 epoxy resin curing is usually characterized by the polymerisation degree. We report in this paper on a refractive index measurement technique applied on an experimental mould to control, quantitatively and in-situ, the industrial RTM process. The calibration of the optic fibre sensor using a specific mould enables a quantification of the RTM6 epoxy resin polymerisation process. It is also very useful to follow the filling of a mould. The recorded data, coupled to PAM-RTM simulations, can be then used to estimate the permeability along one direction. Finally, it is important to underline that the optoelectronic system is connected to a data processing unit and is easy to use in an industrial environment

Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Outbreak in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) 2007–2008. Data Support a Primary Vector Windborne Transport

BACKGROUND: Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease of ruminants that has expanded its traditional global distribution in the last decade. Recently, BTV-1 emerged in Southern Spain and caused several outbreaks in livestock reaching the north of the country. The aim of this paper was to review the emergence of BTV-1 in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) during 2007 and 2008 analyzing the possibility that infected Culicoides were introduced into Basque Country by winds from the infected areas of Southern Spain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We use a complex HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model to draw wind roses and backward wind trajectories. The analysis of winds showed September 28 to October 2 as the only period for the introduction of infected midges in the Basque Country. These wind trajectories crossed through the areas affected by serotype 1 on those dates in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally meteorological data, including wind speed and humidity, and altitude along the trajectories showed suitable conditions for Culicoides survival and dispersion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: An active infection in medium-long distance regions, wind with suitable speed, altitude and trajectory, and appropriate weather can lead to outbreaks of BTV-1 by transport of Culicoides imicola, not only over the sea (as reported previously) but also over the land. This shows that an additional factor has to be taken into account for the control of the disease which is currently essentially based on the assumption that midges will only spread the virus in a series of short hops. Moreover, the epidemiological and serological data cannot rule out the involvement of other Culicoides species in the spread of the infection, especially at a local level

A Word-Grammar Based Morphological Analyzer for Agglutinative Languages

Agglutinative languages present rich morphology and for some applications they need deep analysis at word level. The work here presented proposes a model for designing a full morphological analyzer. The model integrates the two-level formalism and a unification-based formalism. In contrast to other works, we propose to separate the treatment of sequential and non-sequential morphotactic constraints. Sequential constraints are applied in the segmentation phase, and non-sequential ones in the final feature-combination phase. Early application of sequential morphotactic constraints during the segmentation process makes feasible an efficient implementation of the full morphological analyzer. The result of this research has been the design and implementation of a full morphosyntactic analysis procedure for each word in unrestricted Basque texts. Introduction Morphological analysis of words is a basic tool for automatic language processing, and indispensable when de..

Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Cow's Milk by Means of High Hydrostatic Pressure at Mild Temperatures

Two strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (3644/02 and ATCC 19698) were inoculated (approximately 6 log CFU/ml) into sterilized milk to evaluate inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure. Reductions of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis increased with pressure level. Significant differences were also found between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains and between the media used. Average reductions of 4 log CFU/ml after treatment with 500 MPa are comparable to those caused by thermal treatments

Morphosyntactic Disambiguation For Basque Based On The Constraint Grammar Formalism

This paper presents the development of a surface-based morphosyntactic parsing grammar, as well as the results obtained. It is based on the Constraint Grammar formalism which we find suitable for our project of disambiguating unrestricted texts. Besides, we will present a description of the main types of morphosyntactic ambiguity that we have identified and the disambiguation rules designed for their treatment. This work is the first step in the computational treatment of Basque syntax. Keywords: Morphosyntactic disambiguation Constraint Grammar Basque language Word Count: 3200 1 Introduction This paper describes the design of morphosyntactic disambiguation rules as a first step to develop a robust grammar of Basque, conceived as a general basis for different applications; for instance, a lemmatiser/tagger (Aduriz et al., 96) and a syntactic corrector (Gojenola and Sarasola, 94). We have chosen the Constraint Grammar (CG) formalism (Karlsson et al., 95; Voutilainen, 94; Tapanainen a..

Different Issues In The Design Of A Lemmatizer/Tagger For Basque

This paper presents relevant issues that have been considered in the design of a general purpose lemmatizer/tagger for Basque (EUSLEM). The lemmatizer/tagger is conceived as a basic tool necessary for other linguistic applications. It uses the lexical data base and the morphological analyzer previously developed and implemented. Due to the characteristics of the language, the tagset here proposed is structured in four levels so that each level is a refinement of the previous one in the sense that it adds more detailed information. We will focus on the problems found in designing this tagset and on the strategies for morphological disambiguation that will be used. 1. Introduction This paper describes the development of a general purpose lemmatizer/tagger for Basque which will lay the foundations for further applications in the field of automatic processing of Basque texts. In order to elaborate this project the following basic tools will be used: . The Lexical Database for Basque (LDB..

A Word-Level Morphosyntactic Analyzer for Basque

This work presents the development and implementation of a full morphological analyzer for Basque, an agglutinative language. Several problems (phrase structure inside word-forms, noun ellipsis, multiplicity of values for the same feature and the use of complex linguistic representations) have forced us to go beyond the morphological segmentation of words, and to include an extra module that performs a full morphosyntactic parsing of each word-form. A unification-based word-level grammar has been defined for that purpose. The system has been integrated into a general environment for the automatic processing of corpora, using TEI-conformant SGML feature structures. 1. Introduction Morphological analysis of words is an indispensable basic tool when defining a general framework for the automatic processing of agglutinative languages like Basque (Aduriz et al., 98b). In this context, some applications do not need more than the segmentation of each word into its different component morphe..