The relation between hemispheric lateralisation and measures of immune competence and adherence in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited - Copyright © 2012 Sumner et al

Review on the potential technologies for aromas recovery from food industry flue gas

peer reviewedBackground: Food-processing gaseous effluents are rich in flavoured volatile organic compounds (FVOCs). The discharge of these FVOCs is unwanted as they can contribute to the environmental olfactive pollution. Scope and approach: Their recovery would then enable their valuation through the strengthening of the organoleptic properties of the finished products or their use in other products, as well as reducing the pollution linked to their discharge. However, there are only a few documents in the literature concerning food aromas recovery from gaseous effluents. This paper reviews the used or potential technologies for the recovery of aromas from gaseous effluents in the food-processing industry. Key findings and conclusions: The technologies that are already applied in the food processing industry for aroma recovery from gaseous effluents are the vapour permeation and the condensation. The adsorption and the absorption are technologies used for scrubbing volatile organic compounds, which can be potentially used for gaseous aroma recovery

Prospective Relationship between Hemispheric Lateralisation and CD4+ T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Objectives: Neuromodulation of the immune system has been proposed to be influenced by hemispheric lateralisation (HL). The present study tested whether HL predicted CD4+ levels, statistically controlling for confounders. Methods: Employing two assessments of HL, 68 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1+ patients were followed prospectively. Numerous exclusion criteria and confounder assessments were employed (e.g. age/medication). Results: Left HL significantly positively predicted CD4+ levels at follow-up, and this was qualified by medication (HAART) status: only in HAART-naïve patients did HL predict CD4 levels. Furthermore, HL significantly predicted whether patients had clinically significantly high/low CD4+ counts. Conclusions: Using a more rigorous methodology than a previous study, the present work partly corroborated the theory of HL influences on immunity, extended it to HIV immunity and identified a possible moderator: HAART medication. Implications for future research and treatments are provided

Nonmonotonic Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities Driven by Gas–Liquid CO₂ Chemisorption

Density variations induced by gas absorption in reactive aqueous solutions often trigger buoyancy-induced motions, generally in the form of plumes monotonically sinking into the bulk liquid and enhancing the absorption rate. Here, we contrast two types of CO₂-absorbing alkaline solutions, studying their dynamics inside a vertical Hele-Shaw cell by interferometry. While the first one indeed behaves as expected, the second one leads to a quite unusual oscillatory (phase-slipping) dynamics of convective plumes, which moreover does not lead to a significant transfer enhancement. Thanks to a simplified model of momentum and species transport, we show that this particular dynamics is related to a nonmonotonic density stratification, resulting in a stagnant layer close to the interface. Conditions for this to occur are highlighted in terms of the ratios of species’ diffusivities and their contribution to density, a classification deemed to be useful for optimizing chemisorption (e.g., for CO₂ capture or sequestration) processes

Experimental study of gas-liquid mass transfer coupled with chemical reactions by digital holographic interferometry

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CO2 absorption in aqueous solutions of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine: experimental characterization using interferometry and modeling

This work deals with the experimental characterization of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in an aqueous solution of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, by using of digital holographic interferometry. This method enables visualizing the phenomena taking place in the vicinity of the gas-liquid interface. Thanks to a calibration, the obtained results yield the time evolution of the CO2 loading field in the aqueous solution and the gas-liquid absorption rate for various operating conditions. The processing method and the obtained results are detailed. A phenomenological model, highlighting the limiting steps of the gas-liquid CO2 absorption, is proposed. A set of experiments is realized and the parameters of this model are estimated for various initial amine concentrations and initial loadings. The results are discussed and correlations are proposed for the model parameters.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Analysis of the simultaneous gas-liquid CO2 absorption and liquid-gas NH3 desorption in a hydrometallurgical Waelz oxides purification process

This work deals with the analysis of the mass transfers taking place in a unit operation of a recently developed hydrometallurgical process. This process is a purification treatment of zinc rich electric arc furnace dusts to generate high purity zinc oxide. In this operation, gaseous CO2 generated in a furnace is injected in a reactor containing an aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium carbonate, which is the leaching solution of these dusts, to precipitate zinc carbonates. During the operation, the gas-liquid CO2 absorption is coupled with a simultaneous liquid-gas NH3 desorption and with several reactions in the leaching solution. This paper aims to propose a mathematical model of the coupling between the mass transports and the reactions and to present a simulation tool for the computation of the CO2 absorption, the NH3 desorption rates and their evolutions with the solution composition.The ability of the presented simulation tool to predict the time evolution of the liquid composition during a gas injection is evaluated by comparing simulation results to experimental results. The pH time evolution is used as the comparison criterion and the experiments are carried out at a bench-scale stirred tank reactor. In addition, simulations results showing the influence of the solution composition in conditions representative of the operating conditions on the CO2 absorption and NH3 desorption rates are presented and discussed.Publisher version available on: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2014-0034SCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe