130 research outputs found
Hawking Radiation of a Quantum Black Hole in an Inflationary Universe
The quantum stress-energy tensor of a massless scalar field propagating in
the two-dimensional Vaidya-de Sitter metric, which describes a classical model
spacetime for a dynamical evaporating black hole in an inflationary universe,
is analyzed. We present a possible way to obtain the Hawking radiation terms
for the model with arbitrary functions of mass. It is used to see how the
expansion of universe will affect the dynamical process of black hole
evaporation. The results show that the cosmological inflation has an
inclination to depress the black hole evaporation. However, if the cosmological
constant is sufficiently large then the back-reaction effect has the
inclination to increase the black hole evaporation. We also present a simple
method to show that it will always produce a divergent flux of outgoing
radiation along the Cauchy horizon where the curvature is a finite value. This
means that the Hawking radiation will be very large in there and shall modify
the classical spacetime drastically. Therefore the black hole evaporation
cannot be discussed self-consistently on the classical Vaidya-type spacetime.
Our method can also be applied to analyze the quantum stress-energy tensor in
the more general Vaidya-type spacetimes.Comment: Proper boundary will lead to anti-evaporation of schwarzschild-de
Sitter black holes, as corrected in Class. Quantum Grav. 11 (1994) 28
Finite-Temperature Cosmological Phase Transition in a Rotating Spacetime
We use the -function regularization method to evaluate the finite
temperature 1-loop effective potential for theory in the Godel
spacetime. It is used to study the effects of temperature and curvature
coupling on the cosmological phase transition in the rotational spacetime. From
our results the critical temperature of symmetry restoration, which is a
function of curvature coupling and magnitude of spacetime rotation, can be
determined.Comment: Latex 14 page
Cohesive-zone modelling of the deformation and fracture of spot-welded joints
The deformation and failure of spot-welded joints have been successfully modelled using a cohesive-zone model for fracture. This has been accomplished by implementing a user-defined, three-dimensional, cohesive-zone element within a commercial finite-element package. The model requires two material parameters for each mode of deformation. Results show that the material parameters from this type of approach are transferable for identical spot welds in different geometries where a single parameter (such as maximum stress) is not. The approach has been demonstrated using a model system consisting of spot-welded joints made from 5754 aluminium sheets. The techniques for determining the cohesive fracture parameters for both nugget fracture and nugget pullout are described in this paper. It has been demonstrated that once the appropriate cohesive parameters for a weld are determined, quantitative predictions can be developed for the strengths, deformations and failure mechanisms of different geometries with nominally identical welds.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73187/1/j.1460-2695.2005.00919.x.pd
Holographic Description of Glueball and Baryon in Noncommutative Dipole Gauge Theory
We study the glueball spectrum in the supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric
4D non-commutative dipole gauge theory from the holographic description. We
adopt the semiclassical WKB approximation to solve the dilaton and
antisymmetric tensor field equations on the dual supergravity backgrounds to
find the analytic formula of the spectrum of and glueballs,
respectively. In the supersymmetric theory we see that the dipole length plays
the intrinsic scale which reflects the discrete spectrum therein. In the
non-supersymmetric theory, the temperature (or the radius of compactification)
in there will now play the intrinsic scale and we see that the dipole has an
effect to produce attractive force between the gluons within the glueball. We
also study the confining force between the quarks within the baryon via strings
that hang into the dipole deformed AdS geometry and see that the dipole could
also produce an attractive force between the quarks. In particular, we find
that the baryon has two phases in which a big baryon is dual to the static
string while a small baryon is described by a moving dual string .Comment: Latex 18 page
Developing 21st century accreditation standards for teaching hospitals: the Taiwan experience
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to establish teaching hospital accreditation standards anew with the hope that Taiwan's teaching hospitals can live up to the expectations of our society and ensure quality teaching.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The development process lasted two years, 2005-2006, and was separated into three stages. The first stage centered on leadership meetings and consensus building, the second on drafting the new standards with expert focus groups, and the third on a pilot study and subsequent revision.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our new teaching hospital accreditation standards have six categories and 95 standards as follows: educational resources (20 items), teaching and training plans and outcomes (42 items), research and results (9 items), development of clinical faculty and continuing education (8 items), academic exchanges and community education (8 items), and administration (8 items).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The new standards have proven feasible and posed reasonable challenges in the pilot study. We hope the new standards will strengthen teaching and research, and improve the quality of hospital services at the same time.</p
Quantum Field Effects on Cosmological Phase Transition in Anisotropic Spacetimes
The one-loop renormalized effective potentials for the massive
theory on the spatially homogeneous models of Bianchi type I and
Kantowski-Sachs type are evaluated. It is used to see how the quantum field
affects the cosmological phase transition in the anisotropic spacetimes. For
reasons of the mathematical technique it is assumed that the spacetimes are
slowly varying or have specially metric forms. We obtain the analytic results
and present detailed discussions about the quantum field corrections to the
symmetry breaking or symmetry restoration in the model spacetimes.Comment: Latex 17 page
KK6 from M2 in BLG
We study the possibility that the Kaluza-Klein monopole (KK6) world-volume
action may be obtained from the multiple membranes (M2) action which is
described by BLG theory. We first point out that the infinite dimensional Lie
3-algebra based on the Nambu-Poisson structure could not only provide three
dimensional manifolds to allow M5 from M2, which was studied by previous
authors, but also provide five dimensional manifolds to allow KK6 from M2. We
next present a possible way that the U(1) field on KK6 world-volume action
could be produced form the gauge potential in BLG theory.Comment: Latex, 15 pages. V3: Add theorem 2 to complete proof. V4: Detail
physical interpretations and calculations in section
Statistical Interparticle Potential between Two Anyons
The density matrix of a two-anyon system is evaluated and used to investigate
the "statistical interparticle potential" following the theory of Uhlenbeck.
The main purpose is to see how the statistical potential will depend on the
fractional statistical parameter . The result shows that the
statistical potential for a two-anyon system with is
always repulsive. For the system with , the potential is
repulsive at short distances and becomes attractive at long distances. It
remains only in the boson system () that the repulsive potential
arising from the exclusion principle can disappear and lead to an attractive
potential at all distances.Comment: Latex 5 pages, correct typos and figur
High-Temperature Effective Potential of Noncommutative Scalar Field Theory: Reduction of Degree of Freedom by Noncommutativity
The renormalization of effective potentials for the noncommutative scalar
field theory at high temperature are investigated to the two-loop
approximation. The Feynman diagrams in evaluating the effective potential may
be classified into two types: the planar diagrams and nonplanar diagrams. The
nonplanar diagrams, which depend on the parameter of noncommutativity, do not
appear in the one-loop potential. Despite their appearance in the two-loop
level, they do not have an inclination to restore the symmetry breaking in the
tree level, in contrast to the planar diagrams. This phenomenon is explained as
a consequence of the drastic reduction of the degrees of freedom in the
nonplanar diagrams when the thermal wavelength is smaller than the
noncommutativity scale. Our results show that the nonplanar two-loop
contribution to the effective potential can be neglected in comparsion with
that from the planar diagrams.Comment: Latex, 17 pages, change the conclusion, improve the Englis
Giant Magnons under NS-NS and Melvin Fields
The giant magnon is a rotating spiky string configuration which has the same
dispersion relation between the energy and angular momentum as that of a spin
magnon. In this paper we investigate the effects of the NS-NS and Melvin fields
on the giant magnon. We first analyze the energy and angular momenta of the
two-spin spiky D-string moving on the with the NS-NS field.
Due to the infinite boundary of the AdS spacetime the D-string solution will
extend to infinity and it appears the divergences. After adding the counter
terms we obtain the dispersion relation of the corresponding giant magnon. The
result shows that there will appear a prefactor before the angular momentum, in
addition to some corrections in the sine function. We also see that the spiky
profile of a rotating D-string plays an important role in mapping it to a spin
magnon. We next investigate the energy and angular momentum of the one-spin
spiky fundamental string moving on the with the electric or
magnetic Melvin field. The dispersion relation of the corresponding deformed
giant magnon is also obtained. We discuss some properties of the correction
terms and their relations to the spin chain with deformations.Comment: Latex 20 pages, mention D-string and add reference
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