131 research outputs found
Heavy Quarkonium Production at LHC through Boson Decays
The production of the heavy -quarkonium, -quarkonium
and -quarkonium states (-quarkonium for short), via
the semi-inclusive decays, has been systematically studied within the
framework of the non-relativistic QCD. In addition to the two color-singlet
-wave states, we also discuss the production of the four color-singlet
-wave states and (with ) together with the two color-octet components
and . Improved
trace technology is adopted to derive the simplified analytic expressions at
the amplitude level, which shall be useful for dealing with the following
cascade decay channels. At the LHC with the luminosity and the center-of-mass energy TeV, sizable
heavy-quarkonium events can be produced through the boson decays, i.e.
, and
-wave charmonium events per year can be obtained; and
, and -wave
-quarkonium events per year can be obtained. Main theoretical
uncertainties have also been discussed. By adding the uncertainties caused by
the quark masses in quadrature, we obtain KeV, KeV, KeV and eV.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures. References updated. To be published in
Phys.Rev. D. To match the published versio
Eliminating the Renormalization Scale Ambiguity for Top-Pair Production Using the Principle of Maximum Conformality
It is conventional to choose a typical momentum transfer of the process as
the renormalization scale and take an arbitrary range to estimate the
uncertainty in the QCD prediction. However, predictions using this procedure
depend on the renormalization scheme, leave a non-convergent renormalon
perturbative series, and moreover, one obtains incorrect results when applied
to QED processes. In contrast, if one fixes the renormalization scale using the
Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC), all non-conformal -terms
in the perturbative expansion series are summed into the running coupling, and
one obtains a unique, scale-fixed, scheme-independent prediction at any finite
order. The PMC scale and the resulting finite-order PMC
prediction are both to high accuracy independent of the choice of initial
renormalization scale , consistent with renormalization group
invariance. As an application, we apply the PMC procedure to obtain NNLO
predictions for the -pair production at the Tevatron and LHC
colliders. The PMC prediction for the total cross-section
agrees well with the present Tevatron and LHC data. We also verify that the
initial scale-independence of the PMC prediction is satisfied to high accuracy
at the NNLO level: the total cross-section remains almost unchanged even when
taking very disparate initial scales equal to ,
, . Moreover, after PMC scale setting, we obtain
, and
. These
predictions have a -deviation from the present CDF and D0
measurements; the large discrepancy of the top quark forward-backward asymmetry
between the Standard Model estimate and the data are thus greatly reduced.Comment: 4 pages. Detailed derivations for the top-quark pair total
cross-sections and forward-backward asymmetry can be found in
Refs.[arXiv:1204.1405; arXiv:1205.1232]. To match the published version. To
be published in Phys.Rev.Let
The Renormalization Scale-Setting Problem in QCD
A key problem in making precise perturbative QCD predictions is to set the
proper renormalization scale of the running coupling. The conventional
scale-setting procedure assigns an arbitrary range and an arbitrary systematic
error to fixed-order pQCD predictions. In fact, this {\it ad hoc} procedure
gives results which depend on the choice of the renormalization scheme, and it
is in conflict with the standard scale-setting procedure used in QED.
Predictions for physical results should be independent of the choice of scheme
or other theoretical conventions. We review current ideas and points of view on
how to deal with the renormalization scale ambiguity and show how to obtain
renormalization scheme- and scale- independent estimates. We begin by
introducing the renormalization group (RG) equation and an extended version,
which expresses the invariance of physical observables under both the
renormalization scheme and scale-parameter transformations. The RG equation
provides a convenient way for estimating the scheme- and scale- dependence of a
physical process. We then discuss self-consistency requirements of the RG
equations, such as reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity, which must be
satisfied by a scale-setting method. Four typical scale setting methods
suggested in the literature, {\it i.e.,} the Fastest Apparent Convergence (FAC)
criterion, the Principle of Minimum Sensitivity (PMS), the
Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie method (BLM), and the Principle of Maximum
Conformality (PMC), are introduced. Basic properties and their applications are
discussed. We pay particular attention to the PMC, which satisfies all of the
requirements of RG invariance...... [full Abstract is in the paper].Comment: 75 pages, 19 figures. Review article to be published in Prog. Part.
Nucl. Phy
A Systematic All-Orders Method to Eliminate Renormalization-Scale and Scheme Ambiguities in PQCD
We introduce a generalization of the conventional renormalization schemes
used in dimensional regularization, which illuminates the renormalization
scheme and scale ambiguities of pQCD predictions, exposes the general pattern
of nonconformal {\beta_i}-terms, and reveals a special degeneracy of the terms
in the perturbative coefficients. It allows us to systematically determine the
argument of the running coupling order by order in pQCD in a form which can be
readily automatized. The new method satisfies all of the principles of the
renormalization group and eliminates an unnecessary source of systematic error.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, revised to match the published versio
Systematic Scale-Setting to All Orders: The Principle of Maximum Conformality and Commensurate Scale Relations
We present in detail a new systematic method which can be used to
automatically eliminate the renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities in
perturbative QCD predictions at all orders. We show that all of the
nonconformal \beta-dependent terms in a QCD perturbative series can be readily
identified by generalizing the conventional renormalization schemes based on
dimensional regularization. We then demonstrate that the nonconformal series of
pQCD at any order can be resummed systematically into the scale of the QCD
coupling in a unique and unambiguous way due to a special degeneracy of the
\beta-terms in the series. The resummation follows from the principal of
maximum conformality (PMC) and assigns a unique scale for the running coupling
at each perturbative order. The final result is independent of the initial
choices of renormalization scheme and scale, in accordance with the principles
of the renormalization group, and thus eliminates an unnecessary source of
systematic error in physical predictions. We exhibit several examples known to
order \alpha_s^4; i.e. i) the electron-positron annihilation into hadrons, ii)
the tau-lepton decay to hadrons, iii) the Bjorken and Gross-Llewellyn Smith
(GLS) sum rules, and iv) the static quark potential. We show that the final
series of the first three cases are all given in terms of the anomalous
dimension of the gluon field, in accordance with conformality, and with all
non-conformal properties encoded in the running coupling. The final expressions
for the Bjorken and GLS sum rules directly lead to the generalized Crewther
relations, exposing another relevant feature of conformality. The static quark
potential shows that PMC scale setting in the Abelian limit is to all orders
consistent with QED scale setting. Finally, we demonstrate that the method
applies to any renormalization scheme and [...]Comment: 20 pages; Appendix added. This version matches the published pape
A Cross-Domain Approach to Analyzing the Short-Run Impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. Electricity Sector
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the globe
in 2020, with the U.S. becoming the epicenter of COVID-19 cases since late
March. As the U.S. begins to gradually resume economic activity, it is
imperative for policymakers and power system operators to take a scientific
approach to understanding and predicting the impact on the electricity sector.
Here, we release a first-of-its-kind cross-domain open-access data hub,
integrating data from across all existing U.S. wholesale electricity markets
with COVID-19 case, weather, cellular location, and satellite imaging data.
Leveraging cross-domain insights from public health and mobility data, we
uncover a significant reduction in electricity consumption across that is
strongly correlated with the rise in the number of COVID-19 cases, degree of
social distancing, and level of commercial activity.Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication by Joule. The manuscript
can also be accessed from EnerarXiv:
http://www.enerarxiv.org/page/thesis.html?id=198
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