135 research outputs found
Diversity Order Analysis for Quantized Constant Envelope Transmission
Quantized constant envelope (QCE) transmission is a popular and effective
technique to reduce the hardware cost and improve the power efficiency of 5G
and beyond systems equipped with large antenna arrays. It has been widely
observed that the number of quantization levels has a substantial impact on the
system performance. This paper aims to quantify the impact of the number of
quantization levels on the system performance. Specifically, we consider a
downlink single-user multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system with M-phase
shift keying (PSK) constellation under the Rayleigh fading channel. We first
derive a novel bound on the system symbol error probability (SEP). Based on the
derived SEP bound, we characterize the achievable diversity order of the
quantized matched filter (MF) precoding strategy. Our results show that full
diversity order can be achieved when the number of quantization levels L is
greater than the PSK constellation order M, i.e., L>M, only half diversity
order is achievable when L=M, and the achievable diversity order is 0 when L<M.
Simulation results verify our theoretical analysis.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted for possible publicatio
Asymptotic SEP Analysis and Optimization of Linear-Quantized Precoding in Massive MIMO Systems
A promising approach to deal with the high hardware cost and energy
consumption of massive MIMO transmitters is to use low-resolution
digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at each antenna element. This leads to a
transmission scheme where the transmitted signals are restricted to a finite
set of voltage levels. This paper is concerned with the analysis and
optimization of a low-cost quantized precoding strategy, referred to as
linear-quantized precoding, for a downlink massive MIMO system under Rayleigh
fading. In linear-quantized precoding, the signals are first processed by a
linear precoding matrix and subsequently quantized component-wise by the DAC.
In this paper, we analyze both the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
(SINR) and the symbol error probability (SEP) performances of such
linear-quantized precoding schemes in an asymptotic framework where the number
of transmit antennas and the number of users grow large with a fixed ratio. Our
results provide a rigorous justification for the heuristic arguments based on
the Bussgang decomposition that are commonly used in prior works. Based on the
asymptotic analysis, we further derive the optimal precoder within a class of
linear-quantized precoders that includes several popular precoders as special
cases. Our numerical results demonstrate the excellent accuracy of the
asymptotic analysis for finite systems and the optimality of the derived
precoder.Comment: 58 pages, 8 figures, submitted for possible publicatio
Linear One-Bit Precoding in Massive MIMO: Asymptotic SEP Analysis and Optimization
This paper focuses on the analysis and optimization of a class of linear
one-bit precoding schemes for a downlink massive MIMO system under Rayleigh
fading channels. The considered class of linear one-bit precoding is fairly
general, including the well-known matched filter (MF) and zero-forcing (ZF)
precoding schemes as special cases. Our analysis is based on an asymptotic
framework where the numbers of transmit antennas and users in the system grow
to infinity with a fixed ratio. We show that, under the asymptotic assumption,
the symbol error probability (SEP) of the considered linear one-bit precoding
schemes converges to that of a scalar ``signal plus independent Gaussian
noise'' model. This result enables us to provide accurate predictions for the
SEP of linear one-bit precoding. Additionally, we also derive the optimal
linear one-bit precoding scheme within the considered class based on our
analytical results. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent accuracy of
the SEP prediction and the optimality of the derived precoder.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication at SPAWC 202
CI-Based One-Bit Precoding for Multiuser Downlink Massive MIMO Systems with PSK Modulation: A Negative Penalty Approach
In this paper, we consider the one-bit precoding problem for the multiuser
downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with phase shift
keying (PSK) modulation and focus on the celebrated constructive interference
(CI)-based problem formulation. We first establish the NP-hardness of the
problem (even in the single-user case), which reveals the intrinsic difficulty
of globally solving the problem. Then, we propose a novel negative
penalty model for the considered problem, which penalizes the one-bit
constraint into the objective with a negative -norm term, and show the
equivalence between (global and local) solutions of the original problem and
the penalty problem when the penalty parameter is sufficiently large. We
further transform the penalty model into an equivalent min-max problem and
propose an efficient alternating optimization (AO) algorithm for solving it.
The AO algorithm enjoys low per-iteration complexity and is guaranteed to
converge to a stationary point of the min-max problem and a local minimizer of
the penalty problem. To further reduce the computational cost, we also propose
a low-complexity implementation of the AO algorithm, where the values of the
variables will be fixed in later iterations once they satisfy the one-bit
constraint. Numerical results show that, compared against the state-of-the-art
CI-based algorithms, both of the proposed algorithms generally achieve better
bit-error-rate (BER) performance with lower computational cost, especially when
the problem is difficult (e.g., high-order modulations, large number of
antennas, or high user-antenna ratio).Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, submitted for possible publication. arXiv admin
note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.0476
Efficient Quantized Constant Envelope Precoding for Multiuser Downlink Massive MIMO Systems
Quantized constant envelope (QCE) precoding, a new transmission scheme that
only discrete QCE transmit signals are allowed at each antenna, has gained
growing research interests due to its ability of reducing the hardware cost and
the energy consumption of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
systems. However, the discrete nature of QCE transmit signals greatly
complicates the precoding design. In this paper, we consider the QCE precoding
problem for a massive MIMO system with phase shift keying (PSK) modulation and
develop an efficient approach for solving the constructive interference (CI)
based problem formulation. Our approach is based on a custom-designed
(continuous) penalty model that is equivalent to the original discrete problem.
Specifically, the penalty model relaxes the discrete QCE constraint and
penalizes it in the objective with a negative -norm term, which leads
to a non-smooth non-convex optimization problem. To tackle it, we resort to our
recently proposed alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. We show that the AO
algorithm admits closed-form updates at each iteration when applied to our
problem and thus can be efficiently implemented. Simulation results demonstrate
the superiority of the proposed approach over the existing algorithms.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted for possible publicatio
Packing Densities of Delzant and Semitoric Polygons
Exploiting the relationship between 4-dimensional toric and semitoric
integrable systems with Delzant and semitoric polygons, respectively, we
develop techniques to compute certain equivariant packing densities and
equivariant capacities of these systems by working exclusively with the
polygons. This expands on results of Pelayo and Pelayo-Schmidt. We compute the
densities of several important examples and we also use our techniques to solve
the equivariant semitoric perfect packing problem, i.e., we list all semitoric
polygons for which the associated semitoric system admits an equivariant
packing which fills all but a set of measure zero of the manifold. This paper
also serves as a concise and accessible introduction to Delzant and semitoric
polygons in dimension four
Robust Super-Resolution Imaging Based on a Ring Core Fiber with Orbital Angular Momentum
Single fiber imaging technology offers unique insights for research and
inspection in difficult to reach and narrow spaces. In particular,
ultra-compact multimode fiber (MMF) imaging, has received increasing interest
over the past decade. However, MMF imaging will be seriously distorted when
subjected to dynamic perturbations due to time-varying mode coupling, and the
imaging of space objects via Gaussian beam will be relatively degraded at the
edge due to insufficient contrast. Here, a robust super-resolution imaging
method based on a ring core fiber (RCF) with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has
been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The OAM modes propagating in the
RCF form a series of weakly-coupled mode groups, making our imaging system
robust to external perturbations. In addition, a spiral phase plate is used as
a vortex filter to produce OAM for edge enhancement, thus improving the image
resolution. Furthermore, a few-shot U-Transformer neural network is proposed to
enhance the resilience of the developed RCF-OAM imaging system against
environmental perturbations. Finally, the developed RCF-OAM imaging system
achieves biological image transmission, demonstrating the practicality of our
scheme. This pioneering RCF OAM imaging system may have broad applications,
potentially revolutionising fields such as biological imaging and industrial
non-destructive testing
Arts therapies for mental disorders in COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive review
Background and objectiveThe COVID-19 global pandemic has necessitated the urgency for innovative mental health interventions. We performed a comprehensive review of the available literature on the utility and efficacy of arts therapies in treating mental health problems, with special emphasis on their deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to provide some evidence for the application of this therapy.MethodsThe potential studies were systematically sourced from five authoritative databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the CNKI database. The evaluation of these studies was conducted based on stringent criteria, including validity, suitability, therapeutic potential, and consistency. Each piece of included literature was meticulously scored in accordance with these criteria, thus ensuring the inclusion of only the most robust studies in this review. The data from these Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were carefully extracted using the PICO(S) framework, ensuring a comprehensive and systemic approach to data collection. In order to emphasize the variability in the effects of differing arts therapies on COVID-19-induced psychiatric disturbances, the sourced literature was systematically categorized and scrutinized based on distinct modalities.ResultsOut of the 7,250 sourced articles, 16 satisfied the inclusion conditions. The therapies were predominantly meditation (n = 7), supplemented by individual studies on color therapy (n = 3), music therapy (n = 2), and single studies on horticultural therapy, dance therapy, mindfulness and music therapy, and yoga and music therapy (n = 4 collectively). These various forms of arts therapies had a positive short to medium-term impact on the mental health of COVID-19 patients. Besides improving patients' physical and mental health, these therapies can also be employed to mitigate mental health issues among healthcare professionals.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has profound and long-lasting implications for public mental health. Diverse forms of arts therapies are potentially effective in addressing related psychiatric symptoms. The integration of artificial intelligence might further enhance the efficacy and scalability of arts therapies in future implementations
- …