Only Positive Cases: 5-fold High-order Attention Interaction Model for Skin Segmentation Derived Classification

Computer-aided diagnosis of skin diseases is an important tool. However, the interpretability of computer-aided diagnosis is currently poor. Dermatologists and patients cannot intuitively understand the learning and prediction process of neural networks, which will lead to a decrease in the credibility of computer-aided diagnosis. In addition, traditional methods need to be trained using negative samples in order to predict the presence or absence of a lesion, but medical data is often in short supply. In this paper, we propose a multiple high-order attention interaction model (MHA-UNet) for use in a highly explainable skin lesion segmentation task. MHA-UNet is able to obtain the presence or absence of a lesion by explainable reasoning without the need for training on negative samples. Specifically, we propose a high-order attention interaction mechanism that introduces squeeze attention to a higher level for feature attention. In addition, a multiple high-order attention interaction (MHAblock) module is proposed by combining the different features of different orders. For classifying the presence or absence of lesions, we conducted classification experiments on several publicly available datasets in the absence of negative samples, based on explainable reasoning about the interaction of 5 attention orders of MHAblock. The highest positive detection rate obtained from the experiments was 81.0% and the highest negative detection rate was 83.5%. For segmentation experiments, comparison experiments of the proposed method with 13 medical segmentation models and external validation experiments with 8 state-of-the-art models in three public datasets and our clinical dataset demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our model. The code is available from https://github.com/wurenkai/MHA-UNet

Effect of Gelsemium elegans

Gelsemium elegans (GE) is a kind of well-known toxic plant. It can be detoxified by Mussaenda pubescens (MP), but the detoxification mechanism is still unclear. Thus, a detoxification herbal formula (GM) comprising GE and MP was derived. The Caco-2 cells monolayer model was used to evaluate GM effects on transporting six kinds of indole alkaloids of GE. The bidirectional transport studies demonstrated that absorbance percentage of indole alkaloids in GE increased linearly over time. But in GM, Papp (AP→BL) values of the most toxic members, gelsenicine, humantenidine, and gelsevirine, were lower than that of Papp (BL→AP) (P<0.05). The prominent analgesic effect members, gelsemine and koumine, were approximately 1.00 in γ values. Nowhere was this increasing efflux more pronounced than in the case of indole alkaloids with N-O structure. In the presence of verapamil, the γ values of humantenidine, gelsenicine, gelsevirine, and humantenine were decreased by 43.69, 41.42, 36.00, and 8.90 percent, respectively. The γ values in presence of ciclosporin were homologous with a decrease of 42.32, 40.59, 34.00, and 15.07 percent. It suggested that the efflux transport was affected by transporters. Taken together, due to the efflux transporters participation, the increasing efflux of indole alkaloids from GM was found in Caco-2 cells

TSST: A Benchmark and Evaluation Models for Text Speech-Style Transfer

Text style is highly abstract, as it encompasses various aspects of a speaker's characteristics, habits, logical thinking, and the content they express. However, previous text-style transfer tasks have primarily focused on data-driven approaches, lacking in-depth analysis and research from the perspectives of linguistics and cognitive science. In this paper, we introduce a novel task called Text Speech-Style Transfer (TSST). The main objective is to further explore topics related to human cognition, such as personality and emotion, based on the capabilities of existing LLMs. Considering the objective of our task and the distinctive characteristics of oral speech in real-life scenarios, we trained multi-dimension (i.e. filler words, vividness, interactivity, emotionality) evaluation models for the TSST and validated their correlation with human assessments. We thoroughly analyze the performance of several large language models (LLMs) and identify areas where further improvement is needed. Moreover, driven by our evaluation models, we have released a new corpus that improves the capabilities of LLMs in generating text with speech-style characteristics. In summary, we present the TSST task, a new benchmark for style transfer and emphasizing human-oriented evaluation, exploring and advancing the performance of current LLMs.Comment: Working in progres

A comprehensive review on the ferroelectric orthochromates: Synthesis, property, and application

Multiferroics represent a class of advanced materials for promising applications and stand at the forefront of modern science for the special feature possessing both charge polar and magnetic order. Previous studies indicate that the family of RECrO3 (RE = rare earth) compounds is likely another rare candidate system holding both ferroelectricity and magnetism. However, many issues remain unsolved, casting hot disputes about whether RECrO3 is multiferroic or not. For example, an incompatibility exists between reported structural models and observed ferroelectric behaviors, and it is not easy to determine the spin canting degree. To address these questions, one key step is to grow single crystals because they can provide more reliable information than other forms of matter do. In this review, the parent and doped ferroelectric YCrO3 compounds are comprehensively reviewed based on scientific and patent literatures from 1954 to 2022. The materials syntheses with different methods, including poly-, nano-, and single-crystalline samples and thin films, are summarized. The structural, magnetic, ferroelectric and dielectric, optical, and chemical-pressure (on Y and Cr sites by doping) dependent chemical and physical properties and the corresponding phase diagrams, are discussed. Diverse (potential) applications, including anti-corrosion, magnetohydrodynamic electrode, catalyst, negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor, magnetic refrigeration, protective coating, and solid oxide fuel cell, are present. To conclude, we summarize general results, reached consensuses, and existing controversies of the past nearly 69 years of intensive studies and highlight future research opportunities and emerging challenges to address existing issues.Comment: 69 pages, 35 figures, accepted by Coordination Chemistry Review

Temperature-dependent structure of an intermetallic ErPd2_2Si2_2 single crystal: A combined synchrotron and in-house X-ray diffraction study

We have grown intermetallic ErPd$_2$Si$_2$ single crystals employing laser-diodes with the floating-zone method. The temperature-dependent crystallography was determined using synchrotron and in-house X-ray powder diffraction measurements from 20 to 500 K. The diffraction patterns fit well with the tetragonal $I$4/$mmm$ space group (No. 139) with two chemical formulas within one unit cell. Our synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study shows that the refined lattice constants are $a$ = 4.10320(2) {\AA}, $c$ = 9.88393(5) {\AA} at 298 K and $a$ = 4.11737(2) {\AA}, $c$ = 9.88143(5) {\AA} at 500 K, resulting in the unit-cell volume $V$ = 166.408(1) {\AA}$^3$ (298 K) and 167.517(2) {\AA}$^3$ (500 K). In the whole studied temperature range, we did not find any structural phase transition. Upon cooling, the lattice constants a and c are shortened and elongated, respectively.Comment: 5 Figures, 4 Table

Influence of lifestyle on suboptimal health: Insights from a national cross-sectional survey in China

Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a non-clinical or pre-disease state between optimal/ideal health and disease. While its etiology remains unclear, lifestyle is considered one of the most important risk factors. We aimed to examine the effects of lifestyles on SHS through a nationwide survey in China. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 148 cities across China between 20 June and 31 August 2022, on 30 505 participants from rural and urban communities gathered through stratified quota sampling. We measured SHS with the Short-Form Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire (SHSQ-SF). We gathered information on participants\u27 lifestyles (ie, smoking, alcohol consumption, breakfast habits, weekly food delivery frequency, intermittent fasting, sleep duration and physical activities) through face-to-face interview. We determined the relationship between lifestyle and SHS logistic regression analysis by based on odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We included 22 897 participants (female: 13 056, male: 9841), 12 108 (52.88%) of whom reported exposure to SHS. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, individuals who currently smoked (OR = 1.165; 95% CI = 1.058-1.283) and those who drank alcohol (OR = 1.483; 95% CI = 1.377.1.596) were at a higher risk of SHS than those who have never done either. In a dose-response way, takeaway food consumption was associated with a higher risk of SHS, while increased frequency of breakfast and mild-intensity exercise conversely reduced said risk. Individuals with shorter sleep duration had a higher risk of SHS when compared to those who slept for more than seven hours per day. Conclusions: We observed a relatively high prevalence of SHS across China, highlighting the importance of lifestyle in health promotion. Specifically, adopting healthy dietary habits, engaging in regular physical activity, and ensuring high-quality sleep are key in preventing SHS. Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061046)

Experimental Study on Stress and Strain Characteristics of Solidified Clay under Seawater Condition

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the stress-strain relationship of solidified clay formed in seawater corrosion condition. An automatic triaxial apparatus was used and the axial stress and strain was monitored continuously. The dry density was 1.0g/cm3, the cement contents were 4, 6, 8 and 10% by weight of dry soil particles, and the curing time was 28, 60 and 90 days respectively. Test results indicate that the stress strain relationship of cemented clay was affected by soil density, cement content and curing period. A behaviour of strain hardening to strain softening occurred with the increase of cement content. Strong structure will form in cemented clay when the admixture content is 10% or more. The increase in strength of the solidified foundation is resulted from the increase in internal friction angle and cohesive force. The cohesive force increases obviously with the increase of the cement content and the curing age, but the change of internal friction angle is not pronounced after reaching a certain value