303 research outputs found
Chinese Spelling Correction as Rephrasing Language Model
This paper studies Chinese Spelling Correction (CSC), which aims to detect
and correct potential spelling errors in a given sentence. Current
state-of-the-art methods regard CSC as a sequence tagging task and fine-tune
BERT-based models on sentence pairs. However, we note a critical flaw in the
process of tagging one character to another, that the correction is excessively
conditioned on the error. This is opposite from human mindset, where
individuals rephrase the complete sentence based on its semantics, rather than
solely on the error patterns memorized before. Such a counter-intuitive
learning process results in the bottleneck of generalizability and
transferability of machine spelling correction. To address this, we propose
(ReLM), where the model is trained to rephrase
the entire sentence by infilling additional slots, instead of
character-to-character tagging. This novel training paradigm achieves the new
state-of-the-art results across fine-tuned and zero-shot CSC benchmarks,
outperforming previous counterparts by a large margin. Our method also learns
transferable language representation when CSC is jointly trained with other
tasks
Sol-Gel Synthesized Magnetic MnFe
The MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles with sensitive magnetic response properties and high specific surface area were prepared from metal nitrates by the sol-gel process as catalysts for oxidative degradation of methyl orange (MO). The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area analysis, H2-Temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). The catalytic activity experimental results showed that the MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles possess very high MO degradation activity. It is expected that this kind of MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles has a potential application in water treatment fields due to its sensitive magnetic response properties and high catalytic activity
Total knee arthroplasty and physical therapy for arthropathy in alkaptonuria: A 4-year follow-up case report
IntroductionAlkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder which leads to accumulation of homogentisic acid in the body.Case PresentationWe report a rare case of an alkaptonuria-related knee arthritis who underwent left total knee arthroplasty and received postoperative systematic physical therapy in a 57-year-old male patient. The patient has suffered from bilateral knee pain for over 4 years. The patient developed melanin pigmentation on the skin of the whole body, especially on the face and auricle. He self-reported that fresh urine was normal color but after standing overnight, the color deepened to black or soy color. He underwent routine urine examination for many times, but no obvious abnormality was found. The patient has suffered from low back pain for more than 20 years. He had been considered for lumbar disc herniation and ankylosing spondylitis after many in-hospital visits. After symptomatic medication, there was no obvious relief. We followed the patient for 4 years after surgery.ResultThe patient presented with pain relief and enhanced range of motion at the 4-year follow-up. The improvements of daily living and the pain relief suggest that the surgery is appropriate for this rare disease.ConclusionIt is rare that the knee pain is diagnosed as alkaptonuria. After total knee arthroplasty and physical therapy, the patient had a good outcome. This case provides experience for the diagnosis and treatment of alkaptonuria-related knee arthritis
Modular development of deep potential for complex solid solutions
The multicomponent oxide solid solution is a versatile platform to tune the
delicate balance between competing spin, charge, orbital, and lattice degrees
of freedom for materials design and discovery. The development of
compositionally complex oxides with superior functional properties has been
largely empirical and serendipitous, in part due to the exceedingly complex
chemistry and structure of solid solutions that span a range of length scales.
The classical molecular dynamics (MD), as a powerful statistical method to
investigate materials properties over large spatial and temporal scales, often
plays a secondary role in computer-aided materials discovery because of the
limited availability and accuracy of classical force fields. Here, we introduce
the strategy of ``modular developing deep potential" (ModDP) that enables a
systematic development and improvement of deep neural network-based model
potential, termed as deep potential, for complex solid solutions with minimum
human intervention. The converged training database associated with an
end-member material is treated as an independent module and is reused to train
the deep potential of solid solutions via a concurrent learning procedure. We
apply ModDP to obtain classical force fields of two technologically important
solid solutions, PbSrTiO and HfZrO. For both
materials systems, a single model potential is capable of predicting various
properties of solid solutions including temperature-driven and
composition-driven phase transitions over a wide range of compositions. In
particular, the deep potential of PbSrTiO reproduces a few
known topological textures such as polar vortex lattice and electric dipole
waves in PbTiO/SrTiO superlattices, paving the way for MD
investigations on the dynamics of topological structures in response to
external stimuli.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure
Tracking Berry curvature effect in molecular dynamics by ultrafast magnetic x-ray scattering
The spin-dependent Berry force is a genuine effect of Berry curvature in
molecular dynamics, which can dramatically result in spatial spin separation
and change of reaction pathways. However, the way to probe the effect of Berry
force remains challenging, because the time-reversal (TR) symmetry required for
opposite Berry forces conflicts with TR symmetry breaking spin alignment needed
to observe the effect, and the net effect could be transient for a molecular
wave packet. We demonstrate that in molecular photodissociation, the
dissociation rates can be different for molecules with opposite initial spin
directions due to Berry force. We showcase that the spatially separated spin
density, which is transiently induced by Berry force as the molecular wave
packet passes through conical intersection, can be reconstructed from the
circular dichroism (CD) of ultrafast non-resonant magnetic x-ray scattering
using free electron lasers
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