302 research outputs found
Transition-metal distribution in kagome antiferromagnet CoCu3(OH)6Cl2 revealed by resonant x-ray diffraction
The distribution of chemically similar transition-metal ions is a fundamental
issue in the study of herbertsmithite-type kagome antiferromagnets. Using
synchrotron radiation, we have performed resonant powder x-ray diffractions on
newly synthesized CoCu3(OH)6Cl2, which provide an exact distribution of
transition-metal ions in the frustrated antiferromagnet. Both magnetic
susceptibility and specific heat measurements are quantitatively consistent
with the occupation fractions determined by resonant x-ray diffraction. The
distribution of transition-metal ions and residual magnetic entropy suggest a
novel low temperature (T < 4 K) magnetism, where the interlayer triangular
spins undergo a spin-glass freezing while the kagome spins still keep highly
frustrated.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures and 2 table
Matrix Recovery with Implicitly Low-Rank Data
In this paper, we study the problem of matrix recovery, which aims to restore
a target matrix of authentic samples from grossly corrupted observations. Most
of the existing methods, such as the well-known Robust Principal Component
Analysis (RPCA), assume that the target matrix we wish to recover is low-rank.
However, the underlying data structure is often non-linear in practice,
therefore the low-rankness assumption could be violated. To tackle this issue,
we propose a novel method for matrix recovery in this paper, which could well
handle the case where the target matrix is low-rank in an implicit feature
space but high-rank or even full-rank in its original form. Namely, our method
pursues the low-rank structure of the target matrix in an implicit feature
space. By making use of the specifics of an accelerated proximal gradient based
optimization algorithm, the proposed method could recover the target matrix
with non-linear structures from its corrupted version. Comprehensive
experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the superiority of
our method
Recurrent Squeeze-and-Excitation Context Aggregation Net for Single Image Deraining
Rain streaks can severely degrade the visibility, which causes many current
computer vision algorithms fail to work. So it is necessary to remove the rain
from images. We propose a novel deep network architecture based on deep
convolutional and recurrent neural networks for single image deraining. As
contextual information is very important for rain removal, we first adopt the
dilated convolutional neural network to acquire large receptive field. To
better fit the rain removal task, we also modify the network. In heavy rain,
rain streaks have various directions and shapes, which can be regarded as the
accumulation of multiple rain streak layers. We assign different alpha-values
to various rain streak layers according to the intensity and transparency by
incorporating the squeeze-and-excitation block. Since rain streak layers
overlap with each other, it is not easy to remove the rain in one stage. So we
further decompose the rain removal into multiple stages. Recurrent neural
network is incorporated to preserve the useful information in previous stages
and benefit the rain removal in later stages. We conduct extensive experiments
on both synthetic and real-world datasets. Our proposed method outperforms the
state-of-the-art approaches under all evaluation metrics. Codes and
supplementary material are available at our project webpage:
https://xialipku.github.io/RESCAN .Comment: Accepted by ECC
Differentiable Linearized ADMM
Recently, a number of learning-based optimization methods that combine
data-driven architectures with the classical optimization algorithms have been
proposed and explored, showing superior empirical performance in solving
various ill-posed inverse problems, but there is still a scarcity of rigorous
analysis about the convergence behaviors of learning-based optimization. In
particular, most existing analyses are specific to unconstrained problems but
cannot apply to the more general cases where some variables of interest are
subject to certain constraints. In this paper, we propose Differentiable
Linearized ADMM (D-LADMM) for solving the problems with linear constraints.
Specifically, D-LADMM is a K-layer LADMM inspired deep neural network, which is
obtained by firstly introducing some learnable weights in the classical
Linearized ADMM algorithm and then generalizing the proximal operator to some
learnable activation function. Notably, we rigorously prove that there exist a
set of learnable parameters for D-LADMM to generate globally converged
solutions, and we show that those desired parameters can be attained by
training D-LADMM in a proper way. To the best of our knowledge, we are the
first to provide the convergence analysis for the learning-based optimization
method on constrained problems.Comment: Accepted by ICML201
Near-term performance of quantum repeaters with imperfect ensemble-based quantum memories
We study the feasibility of meaningful proof-of-principle demonstrations of
several quantum repeater protocols with photon (single-photon and photon-pair)
sources and atomic-ensemble based quantum memories. We take into account
non-unit memory efficiencies that decay exponentially with time, which
complicates the calculation of repeater rates. We discuss implementations based
on quantum dots, parametric down-conversion, rare-earth-ion doped crystals, and
Rydberg atoms. Our results provide guidance for the near-term implementation of
long-distance quantum repeater demonstrations, suggesting that such
demonstrations are within reach of current technology.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Nano watermill driven by the revolving charge
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a novel nanoscale watermill
for unidirectional transport of water molecules through a curved single-walled
carbon nanotube (SWNT). In this nanoscale system, a revolving charge is
introduced to drive water chain confined inside the SWNT, which is served as
nano waterwheel and nano engine. A resonance-like phenomenon is found that the
revolving frequency of the charge plays a key role in pumping water chain. The
water flux across the SWNT increases with respect to the revolving frequency of
the external charge and reaches the maximum when the frequency is 4 THz.
Correspondingly, the number of the hydrogen bonds of water chain inside the
SWNT decreases dramatically with the frequency ranging from 4 THz to 25 THz.
The mechanism behind the resonant phenomenon has been investigated
systematically. Our findings are helpful for designing nanoscale fluidic
devices and energy converters.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Image Inspired Poetry Generation in XiaoIce
Vision is a common source of inspiration for poetry. The objects and the
sentimental imprints that one perceives from an image may lead to various
feelings depending on the reader. In this paper, we present a system of poetry
generation from images to mimic the process. Given an image, we first extract a
few keywords representing objects and sentiments perceived from the image.
These keywords are then expanded to related ones based on their associations in
human written poems. Finally, verses are generated gradually from the keywords
using recurrent neural networks trained on existing poems. Our approach is
evaluated by human assessors and compared to other generation baselines. The
results show that our method can generate poems that are more artistic than the
baseline methods. This is one of the few attempts to generate poetry from
images. By deploying our proposed approach, XiaoIce has already generated more
than 12 million poems for users since its release in July 2017. A book of its
poems has been published by Cheers Publishing, which claimed that the book is
the first-ever poetry collection written by an AI in human history
Mechanical Creep Instability of Nanocrystalline Methane Hydrates
Mechanical creep behaviors of natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are of importance
for understanding mechanical instability of gas hydrate-bearing sediments on
Earth. Limited by the experimental challenges, intrinsic creep mechanisms of
nanocrystalline methane hydrates remain largely unknown yet at molecular scale.
Herein, using large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, mechanical creep
behaviors of nanocrystalline methane hydrates are investigated. It is revealed
that mechanical creep responses are greatly dictated by internal
microstructures of crystalline grain size and external conditions of
temperature and static stress. Interestingly, a long steady-state creep is
observed in nanocrystalline methane hydrates, which can be described by a
modified constitutive Bird-Dorn-Mukherjee model. Microstructural analysis show
that deformations of crystalline grains, grain boundary (GB) diffusion and GB
sliding collectively govern the mechanical creep behaviors of nanocrystalline
methane hydrates. Furthermore, structural transformation also appears important
in their mechanical creep mechanisms. This study sheds new insights into
understanding the mechanical creep scenarios of gas hydrates
UniNeXt: Exploring A Unified Architecture for Vision Recognition
Vision Transformers have shown great potential in computer vision tasks. Most
recent works have focused on elaborating the spatial token mixer for
performance gains. However, we observe that a well-designed general
architecture can significantly improve the performance of the entire backbone,
regardless of which spatial token mixer is equipped. In this paper, we propose
UniNeXt, an improved general architecture for the vision backbone. To verify
its effectiveness, we instantiate the spatial token mixer with various typical
and modern designs, including both convolution and attention modules. Compared
with the architecture in which they are first proposed, our UniNeXt
architecture can steadily boost the performance of all the spatial token
mixers, and narrows the performance gap among them. Surprisingly, our UniNeXt
equipped with naive local window attention even outperforms the previous
state-of-the-art. Interestingly, the ranking of these spatial token mixers also
changes under our UniNeXt, suggesting that an excellent spatial token mixer may
be stifled due to a suboptimal general architecture, which further shows the
importance of the study on the general architecture of vision backbone. All
models and codes will be publicly available
Maximum-and-Concatenation Networks
While successful in many fields, deep neural networks (DNNs) still suffer
from some open problems such as bad local minima and unsatisfactory
generalization performance. In this work, we propose a novel architecture
called Maximum-and-Concatenation Networks (MCN) to try eliminating bad local
minima and improving generalization ability as well. Remarkably, we prove that
MCN has a very nice property; that is, \emph{every local minimum of an
-layer MCN can be better than, at least as good as, the global minima of
the network consisting of its first layers}. In other words, by increasing
the network depth, MCN can autonomously improve its local minima's goodness,
what is more, \emph{it is easy to plug MCN into an existing deep model to make
it also have this property}. Finally, under mild conditions, we show that MCN
can approximate certain continuous functions arbitrarily well with \emph{high
efficiency}; that is, the covering number of MCN is much smaller than most
existing DNNs such as deep ReLU. Based on this, we further provide a tight
generalization bound to guarantee the inference ability of MCN when dealing
with testing samples.Comment: Accepted by ICML202
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