Low-energy electronic recoil in xenon detectors by solar neutrinos

Low-energy electronic recoil caused by solar neutrinos in multi-ton xenon detectors is an important subject not only because it is a source of the irreducible background for direct searches of weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs), but also because it provides a viable way to measure the solar $pp$ and $^{7}\textrm{Be}$ neutrinos at the precision level of current standard solar model predictions. In this work we perform $\textit{ab initio}$ many-body calculations for the structure, photoionization, and neutrino-ionization of xenon. It is found that the atomic binding effect yields a sizable suppression to the neutrino-electron scattering cross section at low recoil energies. Compared with the previous calculation based on the free electron picture, our calculated event rate of electronic recoil in the same detector configuration is reduced by about $25\%$. We present in this paper the electronic recoil rate spectrum in the energy window of 100 eV - 30 keV with the standard per ton per year normalization for xenon detectors, and discuss its implication for low energy solar neutrino detection (as the signal) and WIMP search (as a source of background).Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Late-onset secondary pigmentary glaucoma following foldable intraocular lenses implantation in the ciliary sulcus: a long-term follow-up study

BACKGROUND: To review the long-term outcomes of eyes with secondary pigmentary glaucoma associated with the implantation of foldable intraocular lenses (IOL) in the ciliary sulcus. METHODS: The study retrospectively reviewed a series of cases who developed secondary pigmentary glaucoma after cataract operations. Data were collected from cases that were referred between 2002 and 2011. RESULTS: Ten eyes of 10 patients who developed secondary pigmentary glaucoma after foldable IOLs implantation in the sulcus were included in this study. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was present in 2 eyes (20%) within the first 2 weeks following the initial cataract operation. The onset of glaucoma was delayed in the other 8 eyes (80%); the average onset time in these eyes was 21.9 ± 17.1 months after the initial cataract operation. Six eyes (60%) received surgical treatment because of large fluctuations and poor control of IOPs. Only 3 eyes (30%) achieved final visual acuities better than 20/40. CONCLUSION: Secondary pigmentary glaucoma accompanying the implantation of a foldable IOL in the ciliary sulcus may present as acute IOP elevation during the early postoperative period or, more commonly, late onset of IOP elevation accompanied by advanced glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Despite treatment, the visual prognosis for these patients can be poor. Placing a foldable IOL in the ciliary sulcus could pose a threat to the vision of the patients and long-term follow-up of IOP in these patients is necessary

Deferoxamine retinopathy: spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings

Al-Djamiʿ li Ibn al-BaïtharNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution

A Comparative Study on Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiencies from W/ferromagnetic and W/ferrimagnetic Heterostructures

It has been shown that W in its resistive form possesses the largest spin-Hall ratio among all heavy transition metals, which makes it a good candidate for generating efficient dampinglike spin-orbit torque (DL-SOT) acting upon adjacent ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic (FM) layer. Here we provide a systematic study on the spin transport properties of W/FM magnetic heterostructures with the FM layer being ferromagnetic Co$_{20}$Fe$_{60}$B$_{20}$ or ferrimagnetic Co$_{63}$Tb$_{37}$ with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The DL-SOT efficiency $|\xi_{DL}|$, which is characterized by a current-induced hysteresis loop shift method, is found to be correlated to the microstructure of W buffer layer in both W/Co$_{20}$Fe$_{60}$B$_{20}$ and W/Co$_{63}$Tb$_{37}$ systems. Maximum values of $|\xi_{DL}|\approx 0.144$ and $|\xi_{DL}|\approx 0.116$ are achieved when the W layer is partially amorphous in the W/Co$_{20}$Fe$_{60}$B$_{20}$ and W/Co$_{63}$Tb$_{37}$ heterostructures, respectively. Our results suggest that the spin Hall effect from resistive phase of W can be utilized to effectively control both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic layers through a DL-SOT mechanism

Deferoxamine retinopathy: spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings

BACKGROUND: To describe the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of a patient who developed pigmentary retinopathy following high-dose deferoxamine administration. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old man with thalassemia major complained of nyctalopia and decreased vision following high-dose intravenous deferoxamine to treat systemic iron overload. Fundus examination revealed multiple discrete hypo-pigmented lesions at the posterior pole and mid-peripheral retina. Recovery was partial following cessation of desferrioxamine six weeks later. A follow-up SD-OCT showed multiple accumulated hyper-reflective deposits primarily in the choroid, retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and inner segment and outer segment (IS/OS) junction. CONCLUSION: Deferoxamine retinopathy primarily targets the RPE–Bruch membrane–photoreceptor complex, extending from the peri-fovea to the peripheral retina with foveola sparing. An SD-OCT examination can serve as a simple, noninvasive tool for early detection and long-term follow-up

Design of automotive structural components using high strength sheet steels mechanical properties of materials (aging effect)

INTRODUCTION It has been known for years that mechanical properties of thin sheet steels, such as yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility, are affected by aging (Chajes et al. 1963, Hertzberg 1989, Yu 1991). The aging effect on mechanical properties can be described as follows. For a virgin steel that is initially loaded in tension beyond its yield strength and into strain hardening state and then unloaded to zero stress, the yield and tensile strengths of the steel increase while the ductility of the steel decreases if the steel is reloaded in tension again after a period of time from the first unloading. Due to diffusion of the carbon and nitrogen in steels and the fact that steel sheets are usually produced in a cold rolling process, in which the sheet steels undergo large plastic deformation, their mechanical properties can be affected by aging. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the thin sheet steels at the time when they are used can be different from the properties at the time when they are produced. The yield and tensile strengths of the sheet steels will increase over time while the ductility of the steels will decrease. In 1992, a research project, sponsored by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), was carried out at the University of Missouri-Rolla to study the effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties of sheet steels (Pan and Yu 1992). In this research, coupons cut from two selected sheet steels (25AK and 50SK) were tested in longitudinal and transverse tension and compression at four different strain rates, namely 0.0001,0.01,0.1, and 1.0 in./in./sec.. The results of the study were reported by Pan and Yu (1992). Later on for another study on the strength of hybrid structural components made of these two steels (Pan and Yu 1995), the mechanical properties of the steels that were obtained in 1992 were used to evaluate the strength of the hybrid members without consideration of the aging effect. In this later study, the hybrid members were tested in bending at the strain rates of 0.0001 and 0.01 in./in./sec.. In order to estimate the aging effect on the mechanical properties of two types of sheet steels used by Pan and Yu (1992), additional coupon tests of the sheet steels (25AK and 50SK) were conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla in August 1995 and in January 1997. A total of twenty coupons, ten for each steel, were tested at two different strain rates, namely 0.0001 and 0.01 in./in./sec.. Four coupons for each steel were tested at the strain rate of 0.0001 in./in./sec. in August 1995, while three coupons for each steel were tested at the strain rate of 0.0001 in./in./sec. in January 1997 and another three coupons for each steel were tested at the strain rate of 0.01 in./in./sec. at the same time. This report summarizes the results of the twenty coupon tests. In the following discussions, Section 2 presents the test results on the mechanical properties of25AK and 50SK sheet steels. Section 3 compares the mechanical properties of the steels reported by Pan and Yu (1992) with those presented in Section 2 to estimate the aging effect on steels and the computed yield moments. Finally, Section 4 summarizes the findings