Vortex Structure on a Delta Wing at High Angle of Attack

The structure of the leading-edge vortex from a delta wing at high angle of attack is addressed using a scanning laser version of high-image-density particle image velocimetry. Emphasis is on the global patterns of instantaneous vorticity. These patterns are related to distributions of averaged and fluctuating velocity and vorticity. At low angle of attack, in the absence of vortex breakdown, it is possible to detect a total of five distinct layers of vorticity; they all exhibit small-scale concentrations of azimuthal vorticity. Immediately downstream of the trailing edge of the wing, larger-scale vorticity concentrations appear in the outermost vorticity layers. At sufficiently high angle of attack, vortex breakdown evolves from the innermost two vorticity layers. For all of these classes of vortical structures, the values of dimensionless wavelength and circulation are assessed. Moreover, the onset of vortex breakdown is interpreted in terms of both instantaneous and averaged patterns of velocity and vorticity. These considerations lead to a direct comparison of vorticity-based and stagnation criteria for breakdown. In turn, these criteria are linked to the onset of regions of fluctuating vorticity in the initial region of breakdown

Italy-Austria GIL in the new planned railway galleries Fortezza-Innsbruck under Brenner Pass

The paper deals with the possibility of installing a double-circuit Gas Insulated transmission Line (GIL) in the pilot tunnel of the new planned railway galleries Fortezza-Innsbruck. The high GIL power ratings with very low power losses would allow a strong and highly efficient energy exchange particularly useful for the future European Market and could represent a new fundamental step in reconstructing the European interconnection network. Two separate railway tunnels (\u3a6 48 9,6 m) will run under the Brenner Pass from Fortezza (Italy) to Innsbruck (Austria) but will be preceded by the construction of a continuous pilot tunnel (\u3a6 48 4,3 m) useful for work logistics and chiefly for detection of the rock stratigraphy. Once the whole work will be over, the pilot tunnel will be used as a service gallery (drainage of water) where a double-circuit GIL can be efficiently installed. The paper gives the main characteristics of planned galleries, several details on the transmission line and its performance, the electro-magnetic field impact considering the proximity effects and the earthing arrangement in order to zero the touch-voltages in case of phase-to-enclosure short-circuit. The chief features of GIL solution are the lowest transmission power losses and the absence of shunt reactive compensation for this line length (appr. 65 km) but mostly the safety of personnel in case of short-circuit and the possibility of usual re-closure cycles for operation continuity. This paper gives an overview of other analysis: GIL no-load regime, electromagnetic interferences between railway and GIL system, pilot tunnel ventilation and GIL thermal regime. In order to achieve satisfying power flows, the new link requires both Italian/Austrian regional grids (380 kV\uf7110 kV) to be restructured and rationalised. This research is supported by European Community in the framework of TEN-ENERGY programme for analysing both, technical and environmental issues of integrating 380 kV Gas Insulated transmission Line and Rail Transport in tunnel between Italy and Austria entitled "Studies for a new 380 kV transmission line between Italy and Austria through the Brenner pass: Integration of Electricity and Rail Transport in Tunnel". The project leader is TERNA (Italian TSO) whereas the associated beneficiaries are the University of Padova and TIWAG-Netz AG (Tyrol TSO) with support of Graz University of Technology

Epilepsia partialis continua (Koshevnikov): a preliminary case report Epilepsia parcial contínua (Kojevnikov): relato preliminar de um caso

We report on the preliminary clinical and electrophysiological aspects of an in-patient possibly presenting epilepsia partialis continua (Koshevnikov). We discuss the different etiologies and emphasize on the possible idiopathic form in this case.<br>Relatamos os aspectos clínicos e eletrofisiológicos preliminares de um paciente hospitalizado que possivelmente apresenta crises de epilepsia parcial contínua (Kojevnikov). Discutimos as diferentes etiologias dessa condição e salientamos a possível forma idiopática, nesse caso