Etnografías de la muerte. Rituales, desapariciones, VIH/SIDA y resignificación de la vida

La muerte llega siempre y llega para todos, como destino ineludible, universal e igualador. Es un hecho biológico, pero también social y cultural que marca y da sentido a nuestras vidas. Preguntarnos sobre la muerte es, sobre todo, preguntarnos sobre la vida. Es desde este lugar que el presente libro nos invita a pensar sus significados, el duelo, los rituales que operan desde ella y los procesos de resignificación de la vida que se producen en quienes se enfrentan cara a cara con la finitud. A través de relatos etnográficos, los autores nos convocan a ver la muerte como una construcción que se imbrica con la vida; vida y muerte, entonces, no como polos opuestos sino como pares complementarios y continuos. Este libro recorre diversos fenómenos que hacen a la construcción social de la muerte: la alta sensibilidad que tienen los rituales y prácticas alrededor de la muerte; los crímenes de lesa humanidad cometidos durante la última dictadura cívico-militar en Argentina (1976-1983), las implicancias simbólicas de la desaparición de personas; y las formas que adquiere la resignificación de la vida, luego de la muerte, como en el caso de la revisión de la obra de grandes pensadores ya muertos, o cuando ésta es una posibilidad real para sí mismos o para sus seres queridos, tal el caso de quienes conviven con VIH. Etnografías de la muerte nos ofrece una mirada reflexiva sobre las consecuencias de las experiencias con muerte en la historia argentina contemporánea. Varios antropólogos, un filósofo, una destacada militante y un artista excepcional suman sus visiones y perspectivas en comentarios críticos y creaciones plásticas de honda significación.Presentación 9 Cecilia Hidalgo Parte I. Desaparición y muerte Cuerpos desaparecidos 15 Comentario crítico - Pablo Wright Cuerpos desaparecidos. La ubicación ritual de la muerte desatendida 17 por Laura Panizo Familia y desaparición 41 Comentario crítico - Alba Rosa Lanzillotto Familia y desaparición. Implicancias simbólicas de la desaparición en la familia 43 por Sabina Regueiro Parte II. Rituales de la muerte y cambio social Rituales de muerte 85 Comentario crítico - Pablo Wright Rituales de la muerte en el sector sur de los Valles Calchaquíes 87 por Bárbara Martínez Ritual y cambio social 109 Comentario crítico - Félix Schuster Ritual y cambio social: dos funerales estudiados por Clifford Geertz 111 por Cecilia Hidalgo Parte III. Resignificación de la vida Grandes intelectuales muertos 121 Comentario crítico - Cecilia Hidalgo Grandes intelectuales muertos. La figura y la obra de Raúl Prebisch como arena de discusión del presente 123 por Pablo Stropparo Procesos de resignificación 135 Comentario crítico - Mirta Barbieri Procesos de resignificación a partir del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA 137 por Natalia Rodrígue

Molecular modelling and synthesis of inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 Uracil-DNA glycosylase

We recently reported the properties of the first selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG), an enzyme of DNA repair that has been proposed to be required for reactivation of the virus from latency. 6-(4-Octylanilino)uracil (octAU) was the most potent inhibitor among a series of 6-(4-alkylanilino)uracils, acting in the micromolar range and without effect against human UDG. A 28.5-kDa catalytic fragment of HSV1 UDG has been crystallized in the presence of uracil, and the structure was recently solved. We have used the coordinates of this structure in order to study interaction of our inhibitors with the enzyme, and a model of binding between octAU and UDG has been derived. Starting with the optimized model, the activity of several octAU analogues was predicted, and the values compared favorably with experimental results found for the synthetic compounds. Several hydrophilic derivatives were predicted and found to be active as UDG inhibitors. These compounds will be useful to determine if UDG, like the viral thymidine kinase, is required for reactivation of HSV1 from latency in nerve cells

The flow dynamics of an extremely large volume pyroclastic flow, the 2.08-Ma Cerro Galán Ignimbrite, NW Argentina, and comparison with other flow types

The 2.08-Ma Cerro Galán Ignimbrite (CGI) represents a >630-km3 dense rock equivalent (VEI 8) eruption from the long-lived Cerro Galán magma system (∼6 Ma). It is a crystal-rich (35–60%), pumice (<10% generally) and lithic-poor (<5% generally) rhyodacitic ignimbrite, lacking a preceding plinian fallout deposit. The CGI is preserved up to 80 km from the structural margins of the caldera, but almost certainly was deposited up to 100 km from the caldera in some places. Only one emplacement unit is preserved in proximal to medial settings and in most distal settings, suggesting constant flow conditions, but where the pyroclastic flow moved into a palaeotopography of substantial valleys and ridges, it interacted with valley walls, resulting in flow instabilities that generated multiple depositional units, often separated by pyroclastic surge deposits. The CGI preserves a widespread sub-horizontal fabric, defined by aligned elongate pumice and lithic clasts, and minerals (e.g. biotite). A sub-horizontal anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fabric is defined by minute magnetic minerals in all localities where it has been analysed. The CGI is poor in both vent-derived (‘accessory’) lithics and locally derived lithics from the ground surface (‘accidental’) lithics. Locally derived lithics are small (<20 cm) and were not transported far from source points. All data suggest that the pyroclastic flow system producing the CGI was characterised throughout by high sedimentation rates, resulting from high particle concentration and suppressed turbulence at the depositional boundary layer, despite being a low aspect ratio ignimbrite. Based on these features, we question whether high velocity and momentum are necessary to account for extensive flow mobility. It is proposed that the CGI was deposited by a pyroclastic flow system that developed a substantial, high particle concentration granular under-flow, which flowed with suppressed turbulence. High particle concentration and fine-ash content hindered gas loss and maintained flow mobility. In order to explain the contemporaneous maintenance of high particle concentration, high sedimentation rate at the depositional boundary layer and a high level of mobility, it is also proposed that the flow(s) was continuously supplied at a high mass feeding rate. It is also proposed that internal gas pressure within the flow, directed downwards onto the substrate over which the flow was passing, reduced the friction between the flow and the substrate and also enhanced its mobility. The pervasive sub-horizontal fabric of aligned pumice, lithic and even biotite crystals indicates a consistent horizontal shear force existed during transport and deposition in the basal granular flow, consistent with the existence of a laminar, shearing, granular flow regime during the final stages of transport and deposition.Fil: Cas, Raymond A. F.. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Wrigth, Heather M. N.. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Folkes, Chris B.. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Lesti, Chiara. Università di Roma Tre; ItaliaFil: Porreca, Massimiliano. Università di Roma Tre; ItaliaFil: Giordano, Guido. Università di Roma Tre; ItaliaFil: Viramonte, Jose German. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto Geonorte; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentin