Highly oxygen-stable CO2 reductase-catalyzed bioconversion of carbon dioxide into formate in electrochemical reactor

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals have been one of promising issues to utilize greenhouse gas for the storage of hydrogen, bioplastic, fuel cell et al. Among many potential candidates such as formate, alcohols, ethylene, etc., formate was known one of most promising chemicals through the addition of two elections and one proton during electro-catalytic reduction of CO2. Here, our group has developed efficient CO2 reductase-catalyzed conversion of CO2 into formate in electrochemical reactor. Electro-biocatalytic reduction of CO2 into formate have three main challenges. Formate dehydrogenase(FDH) have been one of potential CO2 reductase candidates but the activity of many FDHs for formate oxidation was superior than that of CO2 reduction. However, recombinant MeFDH1 in our study showed significantly higher preference for CO2 reduction with 209 (±10.66) s-1 of turnover rate than that of formate oxidation with 85.62 (± 5.76) s-1. In addition, the value of kinetic equilibrium constant (Keq), which determines the direction of reaction in reversible catalysis, implied that kinetic preference for CO2 reduction is 62.3-folds higher than that for formate oxidation. This kinetics analysis allowed MeFDH1 to be referred to as the CO2 reductase. As another challenge, Mo- or W-containing formate dehydrogenase was known vulnerable against oxygen molecule. As contrasted with the high oxygen-sensitivity of FDHs from other strains, MeFDH1 was not deactivated even under 0.13 mM of dissolved oxygen. At a range of oxygen level (0.1 % to 4 %) in the composition of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) gas, MeFDH1 was consequently stable without considerable decreased activity. Lastly, the long-term stability of CO2 reduction reaction system has been indispensable issue in both biocatalysts and chemical catalysts. Through the immobilization of MeFDH1, the enhanced stability for long-term operation leaded the formate formation over 500 mM with high volumetric productivity for several days

BIOMECHANICAL TRAITS ANALYSIS WHEN PERFORMING OF JUDO UCHIMATA BY POSTURE AND VOLUNTARY RESISTANCE LEVELS OF UKE

The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical traits variables when performing uchimata (inner thigh reaping throw) by voluntary resistance levels (VRL) and two postures of uke (defender, receiver) in Judo. The postures of uke were shizenhontai (straight natural posture:NP) and jigohontai (straight defensive posture:DP), VRL of uke were 0% and 100%, respectively. The biomechanical variables were temporal (total time-required: TR), postures and COG during performing uchimata. It's important for jUdoists to prepare for individual analysis. prescription and countermeasures because they have experienced several variables when performing techniques according to opponent's postures and VRL in biomechanical aspects

(7-Dimethylamino-1-hydroxy-3-naphthyl)(morpholino)methanone

In the title compound, C17H20N2O3, the morpholine ring is in a slightly distorted chair form. The crystal structure is stabilized by an inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the H atom of the hydroxyl group and the O atom of a neighbouring carbonyl group. A weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action is also present

Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prevalence and Causative Factors of Extrahepatic Collateral Arteries in 479 Patients

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to investigate the prevalence and causative factors of extrahepatic arterial blood supply to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at its initial presentation and during chemoembolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 1998 and April 2000, consecutive 479 patients with newly diagnosed HCC were prospectively enrolled into this study. A total of 1629 sessions of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were performed in these patients (range: 1-15 sessions; mean: 3.4 sessions) until April 2004. For each TACE procedure, we determined the potential extrahepatic collateral arteries (ExCAs) depending on the location of the tumor, and we performed selective angiography of all suspected collaterals that could supply the tumor. The prevalence of ExCAs and the causative factors were analyzed. RESULTS: At initial presentation, 82 (17%) of these 479 patients showed 108 ExCAs supplying tumors. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size (p or =5 cm) was significantly higher than that for those patients with a small tumor (< 5 cm) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The presence of ExCAs supplying HCC is rather common, and the tumor size is a significant causative factor for the development of these collateral arteries.This study was supported by a grant (0620220-1) from the National R & D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea