A Study on the Relationship between Servant Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction in Fitness Clubs

In the fi eld of organizational behavior theory, the infl uence of servant leadership and organizational culture on the job satisfaction of organization members has been actively studied to eff ectively achieve the goals set by the organization. However, there is a severe lack of studies on the relationship between servant leadership, organizational culture, and job satisfaction in the sport industry. Therefore, this study empirically analyzed the causal relationships among the three variables by surveying 320 employees in fi tness clubs located in Pusan, Korea. Surveys were conducted using the convenience sampling method, and a total of 300 surveys were used in the analysis. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 19.0. Key results from this study were as follows. First, servant leadership in fi tness clubs had a positive infl uence on organizational culture. Second, servant leadership in fi tness clubs had a positive infl uence on the job satisfaction of their employees. Third, the organizational culture of fi tness clubs had a positive infl uence on the job satisfaction of employees. The results of this study can contribute to establishing strategies to advance the organizational performance and eff ective human resource management of fi tness clubs

Analyzing Norm Violations in Live-Stream Chat

Toxic language, such as hate speech, can deter users from participating in online communities and enjoying popular platforms. Previous approaches to detecting toxic language and norm violations have been primarily concerned with conversations from online forums and social media, such as Reddit and Twitter. These approaches are less effective when applied to conversations on live-streaming platforms, such as Twitch and YouTube Live, as each comment is only visible for a limited time and lacks a thread structure that establishes its relationship with other comments. In this work, we share the first NLP study dedicated to detecting norm violations in conversations on live-streaming platforms. We define norm violation categories in live-stream chats and annotate 4,583 moderated comments from Twitch. We articulate several facets of live-stream data that differ from other forums, and demonstrate that existing models perform poorly in this setting. By conducting a user study, we identify the informational context humans use in live-stream moderation, and train models leveraging context to identify norm violations. Our results show that appropriate contextual information can boost moderation performance by 35\%.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, 15 table

The Relationship between Transformational Leadership of Immediate Superiors, Organizational Culture, and Affective Commitment in Fitness Club Employees

In an uncertain global business environment, eff ective human resource management is a crucial element in improving organizational eff ectiveness. However, relatively little research has examined the characteristics of transformational leadership and the types of organizational culture suitable for improving organizational eff ectiveness in the sport management fi eld. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between transformational leadership of immediate superiors, organizational culture, and aff ective commitment in fi tness club employees. For this purpose, a survey was given to a convenience sample of 300 employees of fi tness clubs working in the Gwangju and Dae-gu metropolitan cities in South Korea. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis. The major fi ndings of this study were as follows. First, transformational leadership had a signifi cant eff ect on the organizational culture in fi tness clubs. Second, transformational leadership had a signifi cant eff ect on aff ective commitment of employees of the fi tness clubs. Third, organizational culture had a signifi cant eff ect on aff ective commitment of employees in fi tness clubs. The fi ndings of this study may be helpful for fi tness clubs to determine the characteristics of transformational leadership and the types of organizational culture needed to improve aff ective commitment of employees